108 移民特考三等 移民行政(選試印尼文) 外國文(印尼文兼試移民專業英文) 考古題詳解
第 一 題20 分
Terjemahkan tulisan di bawah ini ke dalam bahasa Indonesia.
為防堵非洲豬瘟隨豬肉製品入侵臺灣,提高旅客違規攜帶肉品入境罰鍰,只要查獲從中國大陸及港澳、俄羅斯、部分歐洲國家等近 3 年發生非洲豬瘟的國家地區,攜帶豬肉產品入境,初犯開罰新臺幣 20 萬元,第 2 次就 100 萬元。
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核心觀念
本題測驗「邊境檢疫政策宣導文宣」之印尼文中譯能力,為移民特考「外國文(印尼文)」極具代表性的實務情境題。考生須掌握以下核心重點:
- 法源與政策背景:本題以命題當年(民國 108 年)法規為準,背景為因應亞洲多國爆發非洲豬瘟,農政與邊境管理機關依《動物傳染病防治條例》第 45 條之 1 及其裁罰基準,大幅提高違規攜帶肉品入境之行政罰鍰(現行主管機關已由行政院農業委員會改制為農業部動植物防疫檢疫署)。
- 公文與宣導語體(Bahasa Resmi/Baku):政策法規翻譯講求客觀嚴謹,句型結構多採「目的前置(Untuk/Guna...)」搭配「被動式或無主句型(dikenakan denda...)」,語氣具宣示性與法規約束力。
- 法律專有名詞對譯:如「防堵」、「非洲豬瘟」、「違規攜帶」、「罰鍰」、「查獲」、「初犯」等專門術語之精準對譯。
- 數字與貨幣格式轉換:印尼文數字標點習慣與中文不同(印尼文以「.」作為千分位符號,以「,」作為小數點),且「萬」需轉換為印尼文計數單位「ribu(千)」或「juta(百萬)」。
解題方法
翻譯長難句時,宜先切分句意層次,再依印尼文語法習慣重組為流暢之專業文句:
步驟一:劃分語意板塊與結構剖析
原句可切分為三大板塊:
- 政策目的與措施:「為防堵非洲豬瘟隨豬肉製品入侵臺灣,提高旅客違規攜帶肉品入境罰鍰,」
- 目的引導詞:「為...」
Untuk...或Guna...。 - 動詞與賓語:「防堵...入侵臺灣」
mencegah masuknya ... ke Taiwan/membendung penyebaran ... ke Taiwan。 - 主幹措施:「提高...罰鍰」 主詞省略,譯為被動句更合乎公文風格:
besaran denda bagi penumpang yang membawa produk daging secara ilegal telah dinaikkan。
- 構成要件(違規情節與來源地):「只要查獲從中國大陸及港澳、俄羅斯、部分歐洲國家等近 3 年發生非洲豬瘟的國家地區,攜帶豬肉產品入境,」
- 條件句引導:「只要查獲...」
Apabila kedapatan.../Jika terbukti...。 - 來源地修飾:「近 3 年發生非洲豬瘟的國家地區」
negara atau wilayah yang terjangkit wabah Demam Babi Afrika dalam 3 tahun terakhir。 - 列舉國名:
seperti Tiongkok Daratan serta Hong Kong dan Makau, Rusia, dan sebagian negara di Eropa。
- 法律效果(階梯式裁罰):「初犯開罰新臺幣 20 萬元,第 2 次就 100 萬元。」
- 主幹結構:「初犯開罰...,第 2 次...」
pelanggaran pertama akan dikenakan denda sebesar... dan untuk pelanggaran kedua kalinya sebesar...。 - 金額換算:20 萬元 NT\to 1.000.000。
步驟二:串聯重組與修飾潤飾
將上述板塊整合,確保連接詞與冠詞配置合宜,消除中文流水句特徵,使之成為標準的印尼文官方宣導公文。
選項分析
本題為申論翻譯題,並無選擇題選項。以下針對考場常見的關鍵字詞對譯優劣進行對比剖析:
- 「非洲豬瘟」
- 標準譯法:
Demam Babi Afrika(國際通用術語 African Swine Fever,縮寫 ASF)或Flu Babi Afrika。公務文書以Demam Babi Afrika最為精確規範。
第 二 題15 分
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Sejak Agustus 2019, semua murid sekolah dasar di Taiwan diwajibkan untuk mempelajari salah satu dari tujuh bahasa Asia Tenggara, di antaranya bahasa Indonesia. Menurut Kementerian Pendidikan Taiwan, tujuh bahasa yang bisa dipilih untuk dipelajari mencakup bahasa Indonesia, bahasa Vietnam, bahasa Thailand, bahasa Myanmar, bahasa Kamboja, bahasa Melayu, dan bahasa Tagalog.
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核心觀念
本題測驗「印尼文時事與文教政策」之中譯能力,取材自民國 108 年(2019 年)8 月起正式實施之「十二年國民基本教育課程綱要」(108 課綱)重大政策——將新住民語文列為國小必選修課程。
本題之重要文法結構與考核要點包括:
- 被動語態與義務情態:
diwajibkan untuk + 動詞(被規定……/必須……)與被動結構dipelajari(被學習、修習)。 - 範圍與列舉句型:
salah satu dari...(……之中任選一者/其中一種)、di antaranya...(其中包含……/其中包括……)。 - 關係代名詞修飾子句:
yang bisa dipilih untuk dipelajari(可供選讀/選修的……)。 - 東南亞七國語言專有名詞對譯:考驗考生對政府官方推行之新住民語文標準中文名稱之掌握(包含印尼語、越南語、泰語、緬甸語、柬埔寨語、馬來語、塔加洛語)。
解題方法
翻譯應採「斷句分析 語序微調 官方用語潤飾」三步驟:
第一句剖析
原文:Sejak Agustus 2019, semua murid sekolah dasar di Taiwan diwajibkan untuk mempelajari salah satu dari tujuh bahasa Asia Tenggara, di antaranya bahasa Indonesia.
- 時間與主詞結構:
Sejak Agustus 2019(自 2019 年 8 月起):時間副詞置於句首。semua murid sekolah dasar di Taiwan(台灣所有國小學生/全體小學生):主詞。- 動詞與受詞結構:
diwajibkan untuk mempelajari:被動前綴di-表示「被規定學習」或「必須修習」。salah satu dari tujuh bahasa Asia Tenggara:「七種東南亞語言中的其中一種」。- 補充說明結構:
di antaranya bahasa Indonesia:「其中包含印尼語」或「印尼語亦在其中」。- 整句組合: 將印尼文被動句轉換為符合中文行政法規慣用語之流暢表述:「自 2019 年 8 月起,台灣所有國小學童均被規定必須修習七種東南亞語言中的其中一種,其中包括印尼語。」
第二句剖析
原文:Menurut Kementerian Pendidikan Taiwan, tujuh bahasa yang bisa dipilih untuk dipelajari mencakup bahasa Indonesia, bahasa Vietnam, bahasa Thailand, bahasa Myanmar, bahasa Kamboja, bahasa Melayu, dan bahasa Tagalog.
- 出處狀語:
Menurut Kementerian Pendidikan Taiwan:根據台灣教育部(資料/表示)。- 主部核心名詞與關係子句:
tujuh bahasa yang bisa dipilih untuk dipelajari:- 核心詞:
tujuh bahasa(七種語言)。
第 三 題10 分
Terjemahkan kata-kata di bawah ini ke dalam bahasa Indonesia.
- 美中貿易戰
- 勞動部
- 逃逸外勞
- 外交關係
- 指紋
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核心觀念
本題評量考生將台灣移民行政實務、當前政經情勢與政府組織架構之中文字詞,精準轉換為印尼文專業詞彙的能力。核心範疇涵蓋:
- 國際政經時事:掌握重大國際經貿爭端之標準外媒專有名詞。
- 行政組織法制與部會譯名:熟悉中央行政機關組織架構之印尼文官方法定譯名。
- 移民法規與實務專有名詞:精確理解外籍移工管理及身分查察用語,並能兼顧字面意涵與行政實務規範。
- 外交與國際法用語:掌握主權國家互動與外交體系之精確法政詞彙。
- 國境管理與生物特徵辨識:熟悉查驗設備、身分確認及生物特徵採集之標準技術用語。
解題方法
翻譯印尼文專有名詞與名詞片語時,必須依循以下三大解題原則:
- 落實「D-M 構詞原則」(Hukum Diterangkan-Menerangkan): 印尼語語法原則為「被修飾詞(Diterangkan, 核心名詞)在前,修飾詞(Menerangkan)在後」。中文習慣將修飾語置於名詞之前,翻譯為印尼文時必須嚴格倒置轉換,不可依中文順序逐字硬翻。
- 採用公部門與主流媒體之標準定名: 國家機關部會、國際政治關係及重大國際事件,皆有官方官方公告或主流外媒(如 Antara、Kompas、BBC Indonesia)之固定譯名,考場上應優先作答專有名詞而非臨場自造詞彙。
- 區辨法律專業用語與俗語層次: 移民法制涉外文書強調語意精確且中立,在名詞轉譯時應符合專業公文書風格,並注意大小寫規格(專有名詞字首大寫)。
詞彙解析
1. 美中貿易戰
- 構詞拆解:
- 核心名詞(D):「貿易戰」= perang dagang(perang:戰爭;dagang:貿易/商業)。
- 修飾名詞(M):「美中」= Amerika Serikat-Tiongkok 或 AS-China。
- 解析與用法: 依據 D-M 原則,先寫核心名詞 perang dagang,再接國別修飾。在印尼主流政經論述與官方公報中,美國通常簡記為 AS(Amerika Serikat),中國可記為 Tiongkok(印尼官方於 2014 年後正式復稱之標準稱謂)或國際通用之 China。兩國並列修飾時,中間通常以連字號連接。
- 標準譯詞:Perang dagang AS-Tiongkok / Perang dagang Amerika Serikat-China
2. 勞動部
- 構詞拆解:
- 核心名詞(D):「部(中央部會)」= Kementerian。
- 修飾名詞(M):「勞動/就業/人力」= Ketenagakerjaan(根詞 kerja,衍生為名詞「勞動/勞動事務」)。
- 解析與用法: 台灣中央行政機關「勞動部」,在官方印尼語文宣、跨國勞務雙邊備忘錄中,官方法定譯名均對應為 Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan(簡稱 MOL)。印尼中央政府掌管勞動業務之部會亦同名為 Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan(簡稱 Kemnaker)。作為特定政府機關專有名詞時,字首皆須大寫。若欲強調為台灣的勞動部,可後綴 Taiwan。
- 標準譯詞:Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan
3. 逃逸外勞
- 構詞拆解:
- 核心名詞(D):「外籍勞工/移工」= pekerja migran(外籍勞動者)。
- 修飾詞(M):「逃逸/逃跑」= kabur 或 melarikan diri(以關係代名詞子句 yang melarikan diri 修飾)。
- 法規演進與命題背景:
第 四 題10 分
Terjemahkan kata-kata di bawah ini ke dalam bahasa Mandarin.
- Mogok kerja
- Pemilu
- Demam berdarah
- Korupsi
- Pegawai Negeri Sipil
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核心觀念
本題考查印尼語在「勞動法制」、「政治體制」、「公共衛生」、「廉政刑事」與「公務人事」五大核心領域之專有名詞中譯能力。外國文考科之詞彙翻譯題,評分重點在於考生能否精準對應台灣公務體系、法律制度與專業學術之標準官方用語(而非字面硬翻或使用非台灣慣用詞彙),並同時檢驗印尼語之構詞拆解能力(如連綴詞、縮寫合體詞、衍生前綴詞)。
解題方法
本題之解題切入點包含兩大層次:
- 構詞學與詞源拆解(Morfologi): 釐清單字是由詞根(kata dasar)搭配前綴(awalan)、複合詞(kata majemuk)抑或是縮寫字(akronim)組成,掌握其基礎語意。
- 法政與公衛語境專業對譯: 將詞意置於印尼憲法、勞動法、公衛體系及行政組織之規範情境,再轉換為台灣國家考試認可的標準繁體中文法律與行政專有名詞。
各題詳細分析
1. Mogok kerja
- 構詞拆解:
- mogok(動詞/形容詞):停頓、罷工、拋錨、故障。
- kerja(名詞/動詞):工作、勞動。
- 兩者結合為複合詞(kata majemuk),專指受雇勞工集體停止工作的勞資抗爭行為。
- 法規語境與對譯: 以命題當年(民國 108 年)印尼《勞動法》(Undang-Undang No. 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan)第 1 條第 23 款之定義:Mogok kerja adalah tindakan pekerja/buruh yang direncanakan dan dilaksanakan secara bersama-sama... untuk menghentikan atau memperlambat pekerjaan(罷工係勞工共同策劃並執行以停止或延緩工作之行動)。
- 標準中譯:罷工(或停工抗議)。
2. Pemilu
- 構詞拆解:
- 印尼語極具特色的「合體縮寫詞」(akronim),其完整形式為 Pemilihan Umum。
- pemilihan:詞根為 pilih(選擇、推選),加上名詞化框綴 pe-...-an,表示「選舉、推選過程」。
- umum:普遍的、公眾的、大眾的。
- 政治法制語境與對譯: 在印尼政治體制中,Pemilu 係依憲法定期舉行,用以選出總統、副總統、人民代表會議(DPR)、地方代表理事會(DPD)以及各級地方議會(DPRD)議員之全國性制度。對應台灣政治與公法學術用語,標準對譯為「大選」或「普遍選舉(普選)」。
- 標準中譯:大選、公職人員選舉(亦可譯為普遍選舉、普通選舉)。
3. Demam berdarah
- 構詞拆解:
- demam(名詞):發燒、發熱。
- berdarah:詞根為 darah(血液),加上具有「帶有/伴隨」涵義之主動前綴 ber-,意為「出血的、帶血的」。
- 公衛醫學語境與對譯: 此詞為東南亞地區常見蟲媒傳染病之通稱,其完整醫學名稱為 Demam Berdarah Dengue(簡稱 DBD)。在印尼語日常及公衛語境中,單用 demam berdarah 即指由登革病毒引起的感染症;
第 五 題20 分
Mengarang
Tulislah karangan singkat tentang keberhasilan dari kebijakan baru ke arah selatan(新南向政策)yang dicanangkan oleh pemerintah Taiwan.
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核心觀念
本題為民國 108 年公務人員特種考試移民行政人員(三等)《外國文(印尼文兼試移民專業英文)》之申論寫作題(Mengarang)。 本科目命題重點在於評量考生運用印尼文闡述國家重大涉外政策及移民實務議題之能力。
- 政策背景定位(以命題當年民國 108 年為準): 我國政府於民國 105 年(2016年)正式啟動「新南向政策」(Kebijakan Baru ke Arah Selatan),目標涵蓋東協 10 國、南亞 6 國及紐澳共 18 國。四大核心工作主軸為:經貿合作(kerja sama ekonomi dan perdagangan)、人才交流(pertukaran sumber daya manusia/bakat)、資源共享(berbagi sumber daya)與區域鏈結(konektivitas regional)。
- 移民行政之專業扣合點: 作答時不可僅泛論一般外交經貿,必須特別強調與「移民署核心業務」及「跨國人員移動」高度相關的面向,包括:觀光簽證便捷化(kemudahan visa / visa bebas bersyarat)、外籍青年與僑外生來臺留學研習(mahasiswa asing / beasiswa)、外籍移工權益保障(pekerja migran)與新住民多元文化共融(integrasi imigran baru dan masyarakat multikultural)。
解題方法
本題要求撰寫一篇論述新南向政策「具體成效」(keberhasilan)的短文。標準應試結構採「起、承、轉、合」經典四段論(或精練的三段論),建議字數控制在 180~250 詞之間,兼顧考場限時與論述深度:
- 首段(Pendahuluan,引言立論): 定義「新南向政策」之背景與目標,破題點出該政策自推動以來在多個領域展現豐碩成果,確立全文論述基調。
- 次段(Isi 1,核心成果:人員交流與人才培育): 此段為移民行政評分之「重中之重」。聚焦於簽證便利措施帶動的觀光與商務人流,以及印尼等東協學生來臺留學、培育雙向專業人才之成效;並點出友善多元社會對外籍移工及新住民的實質接納。
- 第三段(Isi 2,實質合作:經貿、醫衛與多元鏈結): 闡述經貿投資多元化、分散單一市場風險之成果,佐以農業合作、醫療技術交流(如「一國一中心」架構)等資源共享實例,展現對政策多面性的掌握。
- 末段(Kesimpulan,總結展望): 重申「互惠互利」(saling menguntungkan / win-win)與「以人為本」(berorientasi pada manusia)的核心價值,總結新南向政策有效提升臺灣在東南亞區域實質影響力與雙邊夥伴關係。
選項分析(命題維度與論述要點分析)
本題非客觀選擇題,屬主觀表達之申論題型。評分標準主要依據「切題度」、「專業內容厚度」、「語法與詞彙精確度」及「結構組織」。考生在構思論點時,各維度的取捨分析如下:
- 維度一:人員往來與移民觀光(Pertukaran Orang dan Pariwisata)【必寫・核心得分點】
- 分析:符合移民行政專長。應敘述政府對新南向國家推動簡便簽證(如觀宏專案、電子簽證、免簽措施),促成來臺旅客人數翻倍,帶動民間與觀光交流。
- 維度二:教育合作與青年培力(Pendidikan dan SDM)【必寫・亮點得分點】
- 分析:近年印尼來臺大專院校就讀學生人數躍居各國前列。提出提供獎學金(beasiswa)、產業實習與專業技術人才培訓,最能彰顯政策推動之成效。
- 維度三:經貿投資與產業鏈結(Ekonomi dan Investasi)【宜寫・支撐論述】
- 分析:雙邊貿易總額成長、雙向投資深化,以及在清真產業(industri halal)之認證合作,能使文章格局超越單純外事宣傳,具備完整政策視野。
- 維度四:非相關之批判或偏題論述【嚴禁・扣分地雷】
- 分析:題目明確要求撰寫「keberhasilan」(成效/成功之處)。若花費過多篇幅描寫失聯移工、非法滯留等負面管理困境,或將整篇文章寫成地理環境介紹,均屬偏離題旨,將遭受嚴重扣分。
解題技巧
- 掌握專用高頻詞彙與標準動詞搭配:
- 「推動政策」:mencanangkan / menerapkan / mempromosikan kebijakan
- 「新南向政策」:Kebijakan Baru ke Arah Selatan
- 「互惠互利」:saling menguntungkan (win-win solution)
- 「人員交流」:pertukaran sumber daya manusia / hubungan antarmanusia
- 「簽證便利化」:penyederhanaan prosedur visa / pelonggaran visa
- 「多元文化」:multikultural / inklusif
- 「分散風險」:diversifikasi pasar
- 語法結構穩定度:
- 正確運用名詞化構詞:berhasil(動詞,成功) keberhasilan(名詞,成就、成效);sejahtera(形容詞,繁榮) kesejahteraan(名詞,福祉)。
第 1 題1 分
The company has not yet received an invitation to attend the event, ____ is to be held from May 2 to May 5.
核心觀念
本題考關係代名詞 which 引導的非限定關係子句。關係子句用來補充說明前面的名詞;本句中的先行詞是 the event,後面的 is to be held from May 2 to May 5 則補充說明活動的舉辦日期。
解題方法
先看空格後的子句:is to be held 缺少主詞。再回看前句中的名詞 the event,可由關係代名詞 which 代替,並在子句中作主詞:
The company has not yet received an invitation to attend the event, which is to be held from May 2 to May 5.
第 2 題1 分
The government is to sign an ____ with U.S. government for preventing the criminals from travelling to Taiwan.
核心觀念
本題考「字形相近、詞性不同」的字彙辨析,以及動詞 sign 的受詞搭配。句意是:「政府將與美國政府簽署一項協議,以防止犯罪者前往臺灣。」
accord 作名詞,意為「協議、條約」,可作 sign 的受詞。搭配 sign an accord,文法與語意皆合。
解題方法
先看空格前的冠詞 an,後方應接以母音音素開頭的單數可數名詞;再看空格後的 with U.S. government,可知空格處應是政府間簽署的文件或協議。四個選項中,只有 accord 符合這兩項條件。
選項分析
第 3 題1 分
____ of heart attack include chest pain, cold sweating and nausea, developing into trouble breathing and loss of consciousness in the most serious cases.
核心觀念
本題考字義與語境判斷。symptom 是「症狀」,指疾病所呈現的身體徵兆;heart attack 是「心臟病發作/心肌梗塞」。句中列舉胸痛、冒冷汗、噁心,以及嚴重時呼吸困難、失去意識,都是心臟病發作的症狀,因此空格應填 Symptoms。
解題方法
先看空格後方的 of heart attack,再讀後面的例子:chest pain, cold sweating and nausea(胸痛、冒冷汗、噁心)。這些詞語是在描述疾病的表現,與「症狀」相符。
句意是:「心臟病發作的症狀包括胸痛、冒冷汗和噁心;在最嚴重的情況下,會進一步出現呼吸困難和失去意識。」
第 4 題1 分
Many citizens view the rapid influx of immigrants with anxiety, worrying that the nation might fail to ____ the streams of new arrivals pouring in annually.
核心觀念
本題考同義字與語境判斷。句意是:許多民眾對移民快速湧入感到焦慮,擔心國家無法妥善「______」每年大量抵達的新移民。空格需要表示「使移民融入社會」的動詞。
解題方法
先看受詞 the streams of new arrivals(一波波新抵達者),再看語意搭配:國家面對大量移民,可能需要讓他們逐漸融入社會。四個選項中,只有 assimilate 有「使同化、使融入」之意,因此最符合句意。
選項分析
- (A) circulate:意為「循環、流通、傳播」,例如 circulate information(傳播資訊)。不能表示讓移民融入社會。
第 5 題1 分
A visitor visa holder will be allowed to travel to Taiwan before the ____ of the visa.
核心觀念
本題考「簽證效期」相關字彙與語意搭配。句意是:「持有訪客簽證者,得在簽證__之前前往臺灣。」空格需要填入表示「到期、屆滿」的名詞。
解題方法
先依句意判斷,能合理接在 the 與 of the visa 之間的字,應表示簽證效期的終點。expiration 是「到期、屆滿」,因此 before the expiration of the visa 即「在簽證到期前」,符合句意。
選項分析
- (A) expiration:到期、屆滿。the expiration of the visa 表示「簽證到期」,搭配 before 後意為「在簽證到期前」,正確。
第 6 題1 分
____ the truth during an immigration inspection is a violation of Immigration Act and thus punishable by law.
核心觀念
本題考字彙在句中的語意與搭配。句意是:「在移民查驗時__事實,違反《入出國及移民法》,因此依法處罰。」空格須填入表示「歪曲、虛報、謊報」的動詞,才能與 the truth(事實真相)搭配。
解題方法
先看受詞 the truth,再判斷哪個選項能表示故意提供不實資訊、歪曲真相。句首的動名詞片語 ____ the truth during an immigration inspection 作為全句主詞,因此空格應填動名詞形式;四個選項都已以 -ing 結尾,須再依語意選擇。
選項分析
- (A) Relating:relate 是「敘述、講述;有關聯」。relating the truth 不能表達「謊報或歪曲真相」,不合本句所說的違法行為。
- (B) Misrepresenting:misrepresent 是「不實陳述、歪曲、虛報」。
第 7 題1 分
To follow a Mediterranean-style diet, which include high consumption of olive oil, fruits, and vegetables, and low consumption of red meat, would decrease the chance of developing ____ disease.
核心觀念
本題考字義與搭配詞。句意是:遵循地中海型飲食——多攝取橄欖油、水果與蔬菜,少吃紅肉——可以降低罹患某種疾病的機率。空格需填入符合語意、且能與 disease 自然搭配的形容詞。
解題方法
先抓住飲食描述與「降低罹病機率」的語意,再判斷疾病類型。地中海型飲食常與心臟及血管健康相關,因此空格應指「心血管的」:cardiovascular disease 即「心血管疾病」。
選項分析
- (A) congenital:意為「先天的」。congenital disease 是「先天性疾病」,與題幹所述飲食對健康的影響不合。
- (B) contemptuous:意為「輕蔑的、鄙夷的」,通常形容人的態度或表情,不適合修飾 disease。
第 8 題1 分
After several rounds of recruitment, a number of potential candidates finally ____ as the president’s national security advisers.
核心觀念
本題考英文單字的詞義與語境搭配。句意是:「經過幾輪徵選後,幾位潛在人選終於__為總統的國家安全顧問。」空格需要表示人選「出現、浮現」的動詞,且能接續補充身分的介系詞片語 as the president’s national security advisers。
解題方法
先抓句子的主詞 a number of potential candidates(幾位潛在人選)與 finally(終於),判斷句意是在描述人選經過一段甄選過程後「終於浮現、出現」。四個選項中,emerge 有「出現、浮現」之意,並可搭配 as + 身分/角色,表示「以某種身分出現、成為某角色」,符合句意與文法。
完整句意為:「經過幾輪徵選後,幾位潛在人選終於出現,成為總統的國家安全顧問。」
選項分析
- (A) emerge:正確。 意為「出現、浮現、顯露」。emerge as + 身分/角色 可表示「嶄露頭角而成為……」,符合句意。
第 9 題1 分
In recent years, increasing numbers of refugees and migrants from Syria are crossing the Mediterranean to search for ____ in Europe.
核心觀念
本題考同音近形字的字義辨析。四個選項拼字相近,但詞性與意思不同;須依句意判斷「敘利亞難民與移民前往歐洲尋求什麼」。
解題方法
空格位於 search for(尋求)之後,應填入能表示所尋求目標的名詞。句意是難民與移民跨越地中海前往歐洲,尋求「庇護」。sanctuary 可表示庇護、避難所,符合語意與文法。
選項分析
- (A) sanitary:形容詞,意為「衛生的、清潔的」,如 sanitary conditions(衛生條件)。詞性及句意皆不合。
- (B) sanctuary:名詞,意為「庇護、避難所」,符合 search for sanctuary(尋求庇護)的搭配與句意,正確。
第 10 題1 分
The major argument against immigration is that so many migrants fail to ____ with the local community and culture and this leads to social tension and even unrest.
核心觀念
本題考查動詞搭配與字義。句意是:「反對移民的主要論點是,許多移民未能與當地社群及文化融為一體,因而造成社會緊張,甚至動亂。」
空格後接 with the local community and culture,要表達「融入當地社群與文化」,最合適的搭配是 integrate with。
解題方法
先由句意判斷空格需要表示「融入、整合」的動詞,再檢視各選項是否能自然地與 with 搭配,並符合「移民融入社區與文化」的語境。句中的 fail to 後面接原形動詞,因此填入 integrate,文法也正確。
選項分析
- (A) integrate:正確。 意為「整合、融入」。integrate with the local community and culture 表示融入當地社群與文化,符合句意與搭配。
- **(B) implement:錯誤。
第 11 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
For United States Government personnel abroad to host a banquet, round tables of six or more persons allow more flexibility than rectangular ones. Often it is more convenient to ____ at two or more tables of six or more persons. The advantage of this arrangement is that it affords more places of honor as the host and hostess can each have a co-hostess and cohost at their ____ tables. At seated meals, foreign guests should have precedence ____ Americans of comparable rank with the exception of an American Ambassador. American officials present on such occasions should understand that it is ____ to cede one’s rank to a representative of another country. They should forget precedence among themselves and be prepared to be seated in any way that will make conversation easier and will take language abilities into account. To avoid any misunderstanding, it would be well for the host or hostess to inform in advance any guest, whether American or foreign, who are not seated according to protocol, of the reason for this ____ from the norm. When a high official is a guest, they should obtain his prior permission.
- Often it is more convenient to ____ at two or more tables of six or more persons.
核心觀念
本題考英文單字在上下文中的搭配與語意。句子談的是宴會座位安排,空格後接「在兩張或更多張、每桌六人以上的桌子」,因此要選能表示「招待、宴請賓客」的動詞。
解題方法
先看句意:「Often it is more convenient to ____ at two or more tables of six or more persons.」意為「通常在兩張或更多張、每桌六人以上的桌子上,__會更方便。」前文說美國政府人員在海外舉辦宴會,後文接著說這種安排能提供更多尊位,整段都在討論如何招待賓客與安排座位,因此空格應是 entertain(招待、款待)。
選項分析
第 12 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
For United States Government personnel abroad to host a banquet, round tables of six or more persons allow more flexibility than rectangular ones. Often it is more convenient to ____ at two or more tables of six or more persons. The advantage of this arrangement is that it affords more places of honor as the host and hostess can each have a co-hostess and cohost at their ____ tables. At seated meals, foreign guests should have precedence ____ Americans of comparable rank with the exception of an American Ambassador. American officials present on such occasions should understand that it is ____ to cede one’s rank to a representative of another country. They should forget precedence among themselves and be prepared to be seated in any way that will make conversation easier and will take language abilities into account. To avoid any misunderstanding, it would be well for the host or hostess to inform in advance any guest, whether American or foreign, who are not seated according to protocol, of the reason for this ____ from the norm. When a high official is a guest, they should obtain his prior permission.
- The host and hostess can each have a co-hostess and cohost at their ____ tables.
核心觀念
本題考英文詞彙辨義與語境判讀,重點在於辨認形容詞 respective 的意思及其搭配。句中的 tables 是名詞,空格需要填入形容詞,說明兩位主人的共同主持人分別在哪些桌就座。
解題方法
句意是:「主人與女主人可以各自在他們各自的桌席安排一位共同女主人與一位共同主持人。」文中的 each 表示兩位主人各自對應安排;their respective tables 即「他們各自的桌席」,符合這層分配關係,因此選 respective。
選項分析
- (A) respective:正確。 意為「各自的、分別的」,常用於多人或多方各自對應的事物,如 their respective tables(他們各自的桌席)。
第 13 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
For United States Government personnel abroad to host a banquet, round tables of six or more persons allow more flexibility than rectangular ones. Often it is more convenient to ____ at two or more tables of six or more persons. The advantage of this arrangement is that it affords more places of honor as the host and hostess can each have a co-hostess and cohost at their ____ tables. At seated meals, foreign guests should have precedence ____ Americans of comparable rank with the exception of an American Ambassador. American officials present on such occasions should understand that it is ____ to cede one’s rank to a representative of another country. They should forget precedence among themselves and be prepared to be seated in any way that will make conversation easier and will take language abilities into account. To avoid any misunderstanding, it would be well for the host or hostess to inform in advance any guest, whether American or foreign, who are not seated according to protocol, of the reason for this ____ from the norm. When a high official is a guest, they should obtain his prior permission.
- At seated meals, foreign guests should have precedence ____ Americans of comparable rank with the exception of an American Ambassador.
核心觀念
本題考「優先於」的英文介系詞搭配。表示某人或某事的順位、地位高於另一方,常用 have precedence over + 人/事物,意思是「優先於……」。
題幹句意為:正式宴席中,外國賓客的順位應高於職級相當的美國人,只有美國大使例外。
解題方法
先看空格前的固定搭配:have precedence ____ Americans。precedence 表示「優先、先行的地位」,慣用搭配是 precedence over someone。因此空格填 over,句子表示外國賓客應優先於職級相當的美國人。
選項分析
- (A) ahead:
ahead of可表示「在……之前/領先於」,但不能直接說precedence ahead Americans;
第 14 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
For United States Government personnel abroad to host a banquet, round tables of six or more persons allow more flexibility than rectangular ones. Often it is more convenient to ____ at two or more tables of six or more persons. The advantage of this arrangement is that it affords more places of honor as the host and hostess can each have a co-hostess and cohost at their ____ tables. At seated meals, foreign guests should have precedence ____ Americans of comparable rank with the exception of an American Ambassador. American officials present on such occasions should understand that it is ____ to cede one’s rank to a representative of another country. They should forget precedence among themselves and be prepared to be seated in any way that will make conversation easier and will take language abilities into account. To avoid any misunderstanding, it would be well for the host or hostess to inform in advance any guest, whether American or foreign, who are not seated according to protocol, of the reason for this ____ from the norm. When a high official is a guest, they should obtain his prior permission.
- American officials present on such occasions should understand that it is ____ to cede one’s rank to a representative of another country.
核心觀念
本題考的是英文單字的詞義與語境搭配。句意談到美國官員在安排宴席座次時,應理解「將自己的位階讓給他國代表」是某種慣例。
解題方法
關鍵句為:
American officials present on such occasions should understand that it is ____ to cede one’s rank to a representative of another country.
cede 是「讓出、移交」;rank 在此指官員的「位階、級別」。空格需要填入形容詞,表示讓出自己的位階給他國代表,是座次安排中的「慣常做法」。
customary 意為「慣常的、合乎慣例的」,與宴會座次及外交禮儀的語境相符。整句意為:「出席這類場合的美國官員應了解,把自己的位階讓給他國代表是慣例。」
第 15 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
For United States Government personnel abroad to host a banquet, round tables of six or more persons allow more flexibility than rectangular ones. Often it is more convenient to ____ at two or more tables of six or more persons. The advantage of this arrangement is that it affords more places of honor as the host and hostess can each have a co-hostess and cohost at their ____ tables. At seated meals, foreign guests should have precedence ____ Americans of comparable rank with the exception of an American Ambassador. American officials present on such occasions should understand that it is ____ to cede one’s rank to a representative of another country. They should forget precedence among themselves and be prepared to be seated in any way that will make conversation easier and will take language abilities into account. To avoid any misunderstanding, it would be well for the host or hostess to inform in advance any guest, whether American or foreign, who are not seated according to protocol, of the reason for this ____ from the norm. When a high official is a guest, they should obtain his prior permission.
- To avoid any misunderstanding, it would be well for the host or hostess to inform in advance any guest, whether American or foreign, who are not seated according to protocol, of the reason for this ____ from the norm.
核心觀念
本題考的是英文固定搭配與字義辨析。句中 departure from the norm 是慣用語,意為「偏離常規、不同於一般作法」。本文談宴席座位安排:若賓客未依照禮賓慣例就座,主人應事先說明這項安排與一般慣例不同的原因。
解題方法
先看空格後的 from the norm。「偏離某項標準或常規」常用 departure from 表達,因此填入 departure,形成 this departure from the norm,意思是「這項偏離常規的安排」。
選項分析
第 16 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
Since the 1980s, immigration has drastically increased, making the city more ethnically and linguistically diverse. More than half of the people in Vancouver do not speak English as their first language. Almost 30% of the city’s inhabitants are of Chinese heritage. In the 1980s, an influx of immigrants from Hong Kong in anticipation of the transfer of sovereignty from the United Kingdom to China, combined with an increase in immigrants from mainland China and previous immigrants from Taiwan, established in Vancouver one of the highest concentrations of ethnic Chinese residents in North America. This arrival of Asian immigrants continued a tradition of immigration from around the world that had established Vancouver as the second-most popular destination for immigrants in Canada after Toronto. Other significant Asian ethnic groups in Vancouver are Filipino, Japanese, Korean, as well as sizeable communities of Vietnamese, Indonesians, and Cambodians.
Despite increases in Latin American immigration to Vancouver in the 1980s and '90s, recent immigration has been comparatively low, and African immigration has been similarly stagnant. The black population of Vancouver is rather scant in comparison to other Canadian major cities. The neighborhood of Strathcona was the core of the city’s Jewish community. Hogan’s Alley, a small area adjacent to Chinatown, just off Main Street at Prior, was once home to a significant black community.
Prior to the Hong Kong diaspora of the 1990s, the largest non-British ethnic groups in the city were Irish and German, followed by Scandinavian, Italian, Ukrainian and Chinese. From the mid-1950s until the 1980s, many Portuguese immigrants came to Vancouver and the city had the third-largest Portuguese population in Canada in 2001. Eastern Europeans began immigrating after the Soviet takeover of Eastern Europe after World War II. Greek immigration increased in the late 1960s and early '70s, with most settling in the Kitsilano area.
- What is this passage mainly about?
核心觀念
本題考查英文閱讀中的主旨判斷。作答時要找出全文反覆圍繞的核心主題,而不是只挑出其中一項細節。
文章介紹溫哥華不同族群的移民與人口組成,包括華裔、菲律賓裔、日裔、韓裔、愛爾蘭裔、德裔等族群,也提到移民人口的變化,以及特定族群聚居的街區。這些內容共同描述的是溫哥華的人口與族群概況。
解題方法
閱讀各段的重點,可見文章依序談到亞洲、拉丁美洲、非洲及歐洲移民,並介紹不同族群在溫哥華的分布與歷史變化。語言、移民潮與社區位置都是用來補充人口概況的細節。
因此,主旨應涵蓋整篇文章涉及的各族群與人口變遷,而不是只概括單一面向。
選項分析
- (A) Demographics in Vancouver.(溫哥華的人口概況)正確。 “Demographics” 指人口的組成與特徵。文章提及溫哥華居民的族裔背景、不同移民群體及其人口變化,與此選項最吻合。
第 17 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
Since the 1980s, immigration has drastically increased, making the city more ethnically and linguistically diverse. More than half of the people in Vancouver do not speak English as their first language. Almost 30% of the city’s inhabitants are of Chinese heritage. In the 1980s, an influx of immigrants from Hong Kong in anticipation of the transfer of sovereignty from the United Kingdom to China, combined with an increase in immigrants from mainland China and previous immigrants from Taiwan, established in Vancouver one of the highest concentrations of ethnic Chinese residents in North America. This arrival of Asian immigrants continued a tradition of immigration from around the world that had established Vancouver as the second-most popular destination for immigrants in Canada after Toronto. Other significant Asian ethnic groups in Vancouver are Filipino, Japanese, Korean, as well as sizeable communities of Vietnamese, Indonesians, and Cambodians.
Despite increases in Latin American immigration to Vancouver in the 1980s and '90s, recent immigration has been comparatively low, and African immigration has been similarly stagnant. The black population of Vancouver is rather scant in comparison to other Canadian major cities. The neighborhood of Strathcona was the core of the city’s Jewish community. Hogan’s Alley, a small area adjacent to Chinatown, just off Main Street at Prior, was once home to a significant black community.
Prior to the Hong Kong diaspora of the 1990s, the largest non-British ethnic groups in the city were Irish and German, followed by Scandinavian, Italian, Ukrainian and Chinese. From the mid-1950s until the 1980s, many Portuguese immigrants came to Vancouver and the city had the third-largest Portuguese population in Canada in 2001. Eastern Europeans began immigrating after the Soviet takeover of Eastern Europe after World War II. Greek immigration increased in the late 1960s and early '70s, with most settling in the Kitsilano area.
- According to the first paragraph, which of the following statements is true?
核心觀念
本題考英文閱讀理解,重點是從第一段擷取明確資訊,並辨識選項是否扭曲原文的數量、方向或因果關係。題幹沒有涉及法條或計算。
解題方法
先找出第一段與各選項相關的句子:
- 移民自 1980 年代以來大幅增加(immigration has drastically increased)。
- 溫哥華超過一半的居民,英語不是他們的第一語言(More than half ... do not speak English as their first language)。
- 約 30% 的居民具有華裔背景。
- 香港移民、來自中國大陸的移民,以及先前來自台灣的移民,共同使溫哥華成為北美華裔居民高度集中的城市之一。
逐項比對原文,可確認只有(B)符合題幹資訊。
選項分析
-
(A) Since the 1980s, immigration has declined in Vancouver. 錯誤。原文說移民自 1980 年代以來「大幅增加」,選項卻改成「減少」,與原文方向相反。
-
(B) Half of the people in Vancouver do not speak English as their first language.
第 18 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
Since the 1980s, immigration has drastically increased, making the city more ethnically and linguistically diverse. More than half of the people in Vancouver do not speak English as their first language. Almost 30% of the city’s inhabitants are of Chinese heritage. In the 1980s, an influx of immigrants from Hong Kong in anticipation of the transfer of sovereignty from the United Kingdom to China, combined with an increase in immigrants from mainland China and previous immigrants from Taiwan, established in Vancouver one of the highest concentrations of ethnic Chinese residents in North America. This arrival of Asian immigrants continued a tradition of immigration from around the world that had established Vancouver as the second-most popular destination for immigrants in Canada after Toronto. Other significant Asian ethnic groups in Vancouver are Filipino, Japanese, Korean, as well as sizeable communities of Vietnamese, Indonesians, and Cambodians.
Despite increases in Latin American immigration to Vancouver in the 1980s and '90s, recent immigration has been comparatively low, and African immigration has been similarly stagnant. The black population of Vancouver is rather scant in comparison to other Canadian major cities. The neighborhood of Strathcona was the core of the city’s Jewish community. Hogan’s Alley, a small area adjacent to Chinatown, just off Main Street at Prior, was once home to a significant black community.
Prior to the Hong Kong diaspora of the 1990s, the largest non-British ethnic groups in the city were Irish and German, followed by Scandinavian, Italian, Ukrainian and Chinese. From the mid-1950s until the 1980s, many Portuguese immigrants came to Vancouver and the city had the third-largest Portuguese population in Canada in 2001. Eastern Europeans began immigrating after the Soviet takeover of Eastern Europe after World War II. Greek immigration increased in the late 1960s and early '70s, with most settling in the Kitsilano area.
- According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?
核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解與事實比對。題目問哪一項 NOT true(不符合文章),應逐項核對選項是否與文章明確敘述一致;無須額外運用法條或公式。
解題方法
先定位文章中與各選項相關的句子,再比對主詞、比較方向及地點:
- 多倫多是加拿大最受移民歡迎的城市,溫哥華排名第二。
- 溫哥華的黑人比例相較加拿大其他主要城市偏低。
- Strathcona 曾是溫哥華猶太社群的核心。
- Hogan’s Alley 曾有重要的黑人社群。
選項分析
- (A) 錯誤。 文章指出,來自世界各地的移民使溫哥華成為加拿大第二受歡迎的移民目的地,僅次於多倫多。選項卻說這些移民使多倫多成為最受歡迎的目的地,將文章所述的對象錯置。依文章內容判斷,這項陳述不正確。
- **(B) 正確,為本題答案。
第 19 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
Since the 1980s, immigration has drastically increased, making the city more ethnically and linguistically diverse. More than half of the people in Vancouver do not speak English as their first language. Almost 30% of the city’s inhabitants are of Chinese heritage. In the 1980s, an influx of immigrants from Hong Kong in anticipation of the transfer of sovereignty from the United Kingdom to China, combined with an increase in immigrants from mainland China and previous immigrants from Taiwan, established in Vancouver one of the highest concentrations of ethnic Chinese residents in North America. This arrival of Asian immigrants continued a tradition of immigration from around the world that had established Vancouver as the second-most popular destination for immigrants in Canada after Toronto. Other significant Asian ethnic groups in Vancouver are Filipino, Japanese, Korean, as well as sizeable communities of Vietnamese, Indonesians, and Cambodians.
Despite increases in Latin American immigration to Vancouver in the 1980s and '90s, recent immigration has been comparatively low, and African immigration has been similarly stagnant. The black population of Vancouver is rather scant in comparison to other Canadian major cities. The neighborhood of Strathcona was the core of the city’s Jewish community. Hogan’s Alley, a small area adjacent to Chinatown, just off Main Street at Prior, was once home to a significant black community.
Prior to the Hong Kong diaspora of the 1990s, the largest non-British ethnic groups in the city were Irish and German, followed by Scandinavian, Italian, Ukrainian and Chinese. From the mid-1950s until the 1980s, many Portuguese immigrants came to Vancouver and the city had the third-largest Portuguese population in Canada in 2001. Eastern Europeans began immigrating after the Soviet takeover of Eastern Europe after World War II. Greek immigration increased in the late 1960s and early '70s, with most settling in the Kitsilano area.
- When was a Polish family most likely to immigrate to Vancouver?
核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解與時間線索判讀。題幹指出,東歐移民是在第二次世界大戰後、蘇聯接管東歐之後開始移入溫哥華;波蘭屬於東歐,因此依文章資訊,波蘭家庭最可能在二戰後移民。
解題方法
先定位題幹第三段的句子:「Eastern Europeans began immigrating after the Soviet takeover of Eastern Europe after World War II.」意思是「東歐人在第二次世界大戰後、蘇聯接管東歐之後開始移民」。
再將題目中的 Polish(波蘭)歸入 Eastern European(東歐)族群,對應「第二次世界大戰後」的時間線索,即可選出 D。
選項分析
第 20 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
Since the 1980s, immigration has drastically increased, making the city more ethnically and linguistically diverse. More than half of the people in Vancouver do not speak English as their first language. Almost 30% of the city’s inhabitants are of Chinese heritage. In the 1980s, an influx of immigrants from Hong Kong in anticipation of the transfer of sovereignty from the United Kingdom to China, combined with an increase in immigrants from mainland China and previous immigrants from Taiwan, established in Vancouver one of the highest concentrations of ethnic Chinese residents in North America. This arrival of Asian immigrants continued a tradition of immigration from around the world that had established Vancouver as the second-most popular destination for immigrants in Canada after Toronto. Other significant Asian ethnic groups in Vancouver are Filipino, Japanese, Korean, as well as sizeable communities of Vietnamese, Indonesians, and Cambodians.
Despite increases in Latin American immigration to Vancouver in the 1980s and '90s, recent immigration has been comparatively low, and African immigration has been similarly stagnant. The black population of Vancouver is rather scant in comparison to other Canadian major cities. The neighborhood of Strathcona was the core of the city’s Jewish community. Hogan’s Alley, a small area adjacent to Chinatown, just off Main Street at Prior, was once home to a significant black community.
Prior to the Hong Kong diaspora of the 1990s, the largest non-British ethnic groups in the city were Irish and German, followed by Scandinavian, Italian, Ukrainian and Chinese. From the mid-1950s until the 1980s, many Portuguese immigrants came to Vancouver and the city had the third-largest Portuguese population in Canada in 2001. Eastern Europeans began immigrating after the Soviet takeover of Eastern Europe after World War II. Greek immigration increased in the late 1960s and early '70s, with most settling in the Kitsilano area.
- What does the word “stagnant” mean?
核心觀念
本題考英文單字的語意判讀。stagnant 的意思是「停滯的、沒有明顯成長或變化的」,用來形容人口或移民數量時,表示其增加緩慢,甚至沒有增加。
解題方法
先看上下文:文章指出,溫哥華在 1980、1990 年代拉丁美洲移民增加,但近年的移民相對較少;接著說非洲移民也同樣 stagnant。此處是在描述非洲移民增加有限、發展遲滯,因此應選表示「緩慢、遲滯」的字。
選項分析
- (A) Statistical:統計上的、統計學的。描述資料或分析方法,不能表示移民成長停滯。