107 年國際經濟商務人員三等國際經濟商務人員英文組考古題與詳解

Question 1

【題組共用題幹】

Since the 1970s, there has been a boom in such “international schools,” which teach in English in non-Anglophone countries, mostly offering British A-levels, American APs and SATs, or the International Baccalaureate. But nowadays international schools increasingly ____ their name. Though their clientele varies from place to place, four-fifths of the pupils they teach around the world are locals. Thirty years ago, just a fifth ____ . The main reason is increased ____ for schooling mostly or entirely in English, both in rich countries and even more from rich parents in developing countries who want their children to be able to go to university in Britain or North America.

This new elite can outspend even very highly paid foreign managers—and multinationals trying to cut costs are ever ____ willing to pay school fees. Locals are more appealing clients, too: their children tend to stay for their entire schooling, unlike “expat brats,” who are always moving on, leaving seats to be filled. And a parent-teacher ____ packed with the local elite is more helpful than one full of foreigners.

Multinationals trying to cut costs are ever ____ willing to pay school fees.

Accepted Answer

核心觀念

本題測驗「經貿商務英語字彙理解」與「名詞與介系詞之慣用搭配（Collocation）」。在國際商務與經濟領域的英文文章中，描述市場供需、消費者偏好與趨勢轉變時，「對某事物的需求」為極高頻之核心表達。解題核心在於辨識語境中的因果關係（市場擴張的原因）以及特定名詞與介系詞 $\text{for}$ 的固定搭配。

解題方法

文法與介系詞搭配切入：空格前方為形容詞 $\text{increased}$ （增加的），後方緊接介系詞片語 $\text{for schooling mostly or entirely in English}$ （對多數或全英語授課教育的……）。四個選項中，唯有 $\text{demand}$ 能與介系詞 $\text{for}$ 形成標準搭配： $\text{demand for sth}$ （對……的需求）。
語意與篇章脈絡分析：

題幹指出「國際學校大幅擴張（boom）」、「四分之三的學生是當地人（locals）」。
空格句為解釋此現象的關鍵句： $\text{The main reason is increased \underline{\hspace{1cm}} for schooling...}$ （主要原因是對英語教育的＿＿增加）。
後文進一步說明「富裕父母希望子女前往英美讀大學，因而願意砸重金（outspend）」。整段文章由「市場需求驅動供給擴張」的經濟學邏輯貫穿，填入表「需求」的 $\text{demand}$ 完美契合上下文因果脈絡。

選項分析

(A) load
字義：負荷、負載、工作量；載重。
常見搭配： $\text{workload}$ （工作量）、 $\text{a heavy load on sb}$ （對某人造成沉重負擔）。
錯誤原因：語意為「增加的負荷」，若置入句中，無法合理解釋家長主動追求教育資源的推動誘因；且名詞 $\text{load}$ 鮮少與介系詞 $\text{for}$ 搭配表達特定標的物之意願，文意與文法均不合。
(B) interference
字義：干預、干涉、妨礙。
常見搭配： $\text{interference in sth}$ （干涉某事）、 $\text{interference with sth}$ （阻礙/妨礙某事）。

Answer

答案：C

Question 2

【題組共用題幹】

Since the 1970s, there has been a boom in such “international schools,” which teach in English in non-Anglophone countries, mostly offering British A-levels, American APs and SATs, or the International Baccalaureate. But nowadays international schools increasingly ____ their name. Though their clientele varies from place to place, four-fifths of the pupils they teach around the world are locals. Thirty years ago, just a fifth ____ . The main reason is increased ____ for schooling mostly or entirely in English, both in rich countries and even more from rich parents in developing countries who want their children to be able to go to university in Britain or North America.

This new elite can outspend even very highly paid foreign managers—and multinationals trying to cut costs are ever ____ willing to pay school fees. Locals are more appealing clients, too: their children tend to stay for their entire schooling, unlike “expat brats,” who are always moving on, leaving seats to be filled. And a parent-teacher ____ packed with the local elite is more helpful than one full of foreigners.

Multinationals trying to cut costs are ever ____ willing to pay school fees.

Accepted Answer

核心觀念 本題測驗「上下文邏輯推理」與「副詞修飾形容詞（比較級）的慣用語法」。 1. 語意邏輯：需藉由前方分詞片語所提示的原因（trying to cut costs，試圖削減成本），推導出企業對於承擔外派員工子女高昂學費（pay school fees）之意願變化。 2. 文法搭配：形容詞 willing（願意的）表示程度時，習慣以 more 或 less 修飾，構成比較級；副詞 ever 在此作為修飾語，表示「愈發……、持續……（increasingly / continuously）」，與比較級搭配形成 ever more（愈來愈……）或 ever less（愈來愈不……）。 --- 解題方法 本題依循「語境因果分析」與「文法搭配檢驗」兩步驟切入： 1. 依上下文因果判斷語意方向： - 句首提及「multinationals trying to cut costs」（試圖削減成本的跨國企業）。 - 既然企業的核心目標是「節省開銷（cut costs）」，其承擔高額學費津貼（school fees）的意願必然是「降低」而非增加。因此，空格必須填入代表程度降低或否定傾向的比較級詞彙。 2. 檢視句型結構與詞彙搭配： - 空格後方為形容詞 willing，受詞為不定詞片語 to pay school fees。 - 表示「較不願意」的標準英文搭配為 less willing to...；加上時間副詞 ever 修飾，構成 ever less willing to...（愈發不願意……），在文法、語態與邏輯上皆完全吻合。 --- 選項分析 - (A) further（更進一步地／更遠地）： - 錯誤。further 為 far 的比較級，主要用於修飾動詞（如 further investigate）或作形容詞修飾名詞（如 further information），不與 willing 搭配用來表達「意願的高低程度」。此外，即使強加解釋為程度加深，也與句中「削減成本」而減少支出的邏輯相悖。

Answer

答案：D

Question 3

【題組共用題幹】

Since the 1970s, there has been a boom in such “international schools,” which teach in English in non-Anglophone countries, mostly offering British A-levels, American APs and SATs, or the International Baccalaureate. But nowadays international schools increasingly ____ their name. Though their clientele varies from place to place, four-fifths of the pupils they teach around the world are locals. Thirty years ago, just a fifth ____ . The main reason is increased ____ for schooling mostly or entirely in English, both in rich countries and even more from rich parents in developing countries who want their children to be able to go to university in Britain or North America.

This new elite can outspend even very highly paid foreign managers—and multinationals trying to cut costs are ever ____ willing to pay school fees. Locals are more appealing clients, too: their children tend to stay for their entire schooling, unlike “expat brats,” who are always moving on, leaving seats to be filled. And a parent-teacher ____ packed with the local elite is more helpful than one full of foreigners.

Multinationals trying to cut costs are ever ____ willing to pay school fees.

Accepted Answer

核心觀念 本題考查固定搭配詞（Collocation）與複合名詞（Compound Noun）的用法。在英美教育體系與國際學校脈絡中，「家長教師聯誼會（親師會／家長會）」的標準固定用語為 Parent-Teacher Association（常縮寫為 PTA）。 --- 解題方法 1. 分析語法結構與前後修飾語： - 句型結構為「主詞（A parent-teacher ）+ 分詞片語修飾語（packed with the local elite）+ 動詞（is）+ 受詞／補語（more helpful than one full of foreigners）」。 - 空格位於複合形容詞 parent-teacher（家長的與教師的）之後，需填入一個可作為「組織／團體」的可數名詞，並與後文代名詞 one（指代前述名詞）形成呼應。 2. 掌握篇章脈絡與語境邏輯： - 題幹前文論述：國際學校現今招收高達八成的本地生，這些本地富裕家庭流動性低且財力雄厚。 - 本句進一步說明本地生帶來的效益：學校若有一個擠滿本地政商菁英（local elite）的「親師組織／家長會」，在經營人脈、政策溝通與在地資源連結上，遠比全是隨時可能遷徙的外籍人士（foreigners）來得更有助益。 - 英語中以 parent-teacher 修飾組織機構時，標準慣用名稱即為 association。 --- 選項分析 - (A) association【正確】： 名詞，意為「協會；團體；公會」。與 parent-teacher 構成教育界的專有名詞／固定搭配 parent-teacher association (PTA)，專指由學生家長與教職員組成的「家長教師聯誼會（親師會）」。

Answer

答案：A

Question 4

【題組共用題幹】

Today, Western wedding dresses are usually white. However, white did not become a popular option until 1840, after the marriage of Queen Victoria to Albert of Saxe-Coburg. Victoria wore a white gown for the event to incorporate some lace she prized. The official wedding portrait photograph was widely published, and many other brides ____ white in accordance with the Queen’s choice. The tradition continues today in the form of a white wedding, though prior to the Victorian era, a bride was married ____ any color, black being especially popular in Scandinavia. Later, many people assumed that the color white was intended to ____ virginity, though this was not the original intention. The white gown is in fact a symbolic Christening gown. It is a ____ of the white surplice worn in the Western Catholic tradition by members of the clergy, church choirs and servers and the gowns worn by girls celebrating their first communion and at their confirmation and also by women making religious ____ . Jews have gone to great lengths to follow these Western customs, whilst adhering to the laws of Tzniut. Today, the white dress is understood merely as the most traditional and popular choice for weddings.

Women making religious ____ .

Accepted Answer

核心觀念 本題測驗「動詞片語語意辨析」、「動詞及物性（Transitivity）」與「克漏字前後文同義對應（Word Family & Collocation）」。考生須精準掌握片語動詞（Phrasal Verbs）的介系詞搭配、及物／不及物用法，並能依循上下文語境線索找出最具邏輯性的詞彙。 --- 解題方法 1. 分析語境與上下文邏輯： 前文指出：「white did not become a popular option until 1840...」（白色直到 1840 年才成為普遍的選擇），並說明維多利亞女王在大婚時穿著白紗，其官方婚禮照片被廣泛刊登。 空格所在子句後半部為：「...in accordance with the Queen’s choice」（依照女王的選擇）。 由此可知，空格處動作的主詞是「許多其他新娘（many other brides）」，動作對象為名詞受詞「白色／白紗（white）」，語意邏輯必然為「挑選／決定採用」白色。 2. 檢驗文法結構與及物性： 空格後緊接名詞受詞 white，因此所選的動詞片語必須能接名詞受詞。 只有兼具「挑選」語意且可接直接受詞的及物動詞片語才符合要求。 --- 選項分析 (A) alluded to：錯誤。 字義：暗指、間接提及（to mention someone or something in an indirect way）。 分析：其後通常接受詞代表某個被隱晦提及的人事物或爭議（例如：The speaker alluded to the recent scandal.）。新娘結婚挑選禮服顏色並非「暗指白色」，與語境毫無關聯。 (B) caught on：錯誤（常見陷阱選項）。 字義： 1. 蔚為流行、變得受歡迎（to become popular or fashionable）。 2. 理解、領悟（to understand what is meant or what is happening）。

Answer

答案：D

Question 5

【題組共用題幹】

Today, Western wedding dresses are usually white. However, white did not become a popular option until 1840, after the marriage of Queen Victoria to Albert of Saxe-Coburg. Victoria wore a white gown for the event to incorporate some lace she prized. The official wedding portrait photograph was widely published, and many other brides ____ white in accordance with the Queen’s choice. The tradition continues today in the form of a white wedding, though prior to the Victorian era, a bride was married ____ any color, black being especially popular in Scandinavia. Later, many people assumed that the color white was intended to ____ virginity, though this was not the original intention. The white gown is in fact a symbolic Christening gown. It is a ____ of the white surplice worn in the Western Catholic tradition by members of the clergy, church choirs and servers and the gowns worn by girls celebrating their first communion and at their confirmation and also by women making religious ____ . Jews have gone to great lengths to follow these Western customs, whilst adhering to the laws of Tzniut. Today, the white dress is understood merely as the most traditional and popular choice for weddings.

Women making religious ____ .

Accepted Answer

核心觀念 本題考查介系詞的慣用搭配（Prepositional Collocations）與語意判讀。核心重點在於區辨動詞 marry 的被動或狀態結構（be married）後接不同介系詞所代表的語意： 1. be married to + 人：表示「與某人結婚／結為夫妻」（強調對象）。 2. be married by + 神父／證婚人：表示「由某人主持婚禮／證婚」。 3. be married in + 服裝／顏色／地點／年代：表示「穿著……服裝／在某地／在某時代結婚」。 其中，介系詞 in 在英文中具有「穿戴某種衣物或身著某種顏色」（wearing / dressed in）的專屬功能（例如：the lady in red、dressed in black）。 --- 解題方法 1. 分析空格前後語法結構與受詞屬性： 原句結構為 ...a bride was married any color, black being especially popular in Scandinavia. 空格位於片語動詞 was married 之後，其後所接的受詞為 any color（任何顏色）。 2. 結合後文獨立分詞構句判斷語意： 逗號後方補充的獨立分詞構句 black being especially popular in Scandinavia（黑色在斯堪地那維亞特別受歡迎），明確點出 black（黑色）是一種禮服顏色的選擇，呼應前面的 any color。 3. 確立語意與固定搭配： 全句語意為「在維多利亞時代之前，新娘可以『身穿任何顏色』結婚」。英文表示「身著某種顏色或款式的禮服」須使用介系詞 in（be married in + color/dress），故 (A) 為唯一正確答案。 ---

Answer

答案：A

Question 6

【題組共用題幹】

Today, Western wedding dresses are usually white. However, white did not become a popular option until 1840, after the marriage of Queen Victoria to Albert of Saxe-Coburg. Victoria wore a white gown for the event to incorporate some lace she prized. The official wedding portrait photograph was widely published, and many other brides ____ white in accordance with the Queen’s choice. The tradition continues today in the form of a white wedding, though prior to the Victorian era, a bride was married ____ any color, black being especially popular in Scandinavia. Later, many people assumed that the color white was intended to ____ virginity, though this was not the original intention. The white gown is in fact a symbolic Christening gown. It is a ____ of the white surplice worn in the Western Catholic tradition by members of the clergy, church choirs and servers and the gowns worn by girls celebrating their first communion and at their confirmation and also by women making religious ____ . Jews have gone to great lengths to follow these Western customs, whilst adhering to the laws of Tzniut. Today, the white dress is understood merely as the most traditional and popular choice for weddings.

Women making religious ____ .

Accepted Answer

核心觀念 本題測驗「語境語意推論（Contextual Semantics）」與「抽象動賓搭配（Verb-Object Collocations）」。考點聚焦於顏色（具體外觀）與抽象特質（純潔、童貞）之間的語意關聯，並考驗考生對上下文同源詞（Cognates）互文線索的敏銳度。 --- 解題方法 1. 分析句型結構與動賓語意關係： - 題幹原句為：「Later, many people assumed that the color white was intended to virginity, though this was not the original intention.」 - 句型結構為 be intended to + 原形動詞（旨在……／目的為……）。空格主詞為 the color white（白色），受詞為抽象名詞 virginity（童貞、純潔）。 - 在西方文化與語言慣例中，顏色通常用來「象徵」或「代表」某種美德或精神意涵（例如：白色象徵純潔、綠色象徵和平或嫉妒）。因此空格必須填入能表述「代表、象徵」之動詞。 2. 尋找後文的同源詞互文線索： - 空格後下一句明確提到：「The white gown is in fact a symbolic Christening gown.」（白色禮服實際上是具有象徵意義的受洗袍。） - 句中形容詞 symbolic（象徵性的）直接為前句提供了關鍵解題線索，其對應的及物動詞形式即為 symbolize。 ---

Answer

答案：B

Question 7

【題組共用題幹】

Today, Western wedding dresses are usually white. However, white did not become a popular option until 1840, after the marriage of Queen Victoria to Albert of Saxe-Coburg. Victoria wore a white gown for the event to incorporate some lace she prized. The official wedding portrait photograph was widely published, and many other brides ____ white in accordance with the Queen’s choice. The tradition continues today in the form of a white wedding, though prior to the Victorian era, a bride was married ____ any color, black being especially popular in Scandinavia. Later, many people assumed that the color white was intended to ____ virginity, though this was not the original intention. The white gown is in fact a symbolic Christening gown. It is a ____ of the white surplice worn in the Western Catholic tradition by members of the clergy, church choirs and servers and the gowns worn by girls celebrating their first communion and at their confirmation and also by women making religious ____ . Jews have gone to great lengths to follow these Western customs, whilst adhering to the laws of Tzniut. Today, the white dress is understood merely as the most traditional and popular choice for weddings.

Women making religious ____ .

Accepted Answer

【核心觀念】 1. 名詞語意精確辨析：區分「演變形式／變體（variation）」、「替代品（substitute）」、「對比反差（contrast）」與「懸殊差距（disparity）」之詞義與語境適配度。 2. 名詞與介系詞之搭配詞慣用法（Collocation）：掌握關鍵片語「$a\ variation\ of\ sth$（某事物的變體／演變樣式）」與其他名詞常見介系詞搭配之差異。 3. 篇章脈絡理解（Contextual Meaning）：理解西方白色婚紗（white gown / wedding dress）在文化史與宗教禮服（Christening gown、white surplice）脈絡下的承襲與流變關係。 --- 【解題方法】 1. 文意脈絡推導： 前句指出「白色禮服實際上是一種象徵性的受洗袍（The white gown is in fact a symbolic Christening gown）」，後句進一步闡釋其淵源——它與西方天主教傳統中神職人員、唱詩班所穿的「白長袍（surplice）」以及初領聖體、堅振禮時所穿的白袍具傳承關聯。文章並非表達兩者產生矛盾或互斥，而是指白色婚紗是這類宗教白袍在款式與儀式文化上的一種「演變形式／衍生款式」，因此空格需填入表示「變體」或「衍生樣式」的名詞。 2. 介系詞搭配檢驗： 空格後方緊接介系詞片語「of the white surplice」： - 「$a\ variation\ of\ sth$」為道地且常見的固定搭配，意為「某物的變體／變更樣式」。 - 若使用 substitute，慣用搭配介系詞為 for（$a\ substitute\ for\ sth$）；若使用 contrast，多與 to 或 with 連用（$a\ contrast\ to\ sth$、$in\ contrast\ to/with$）。 無論從上下文邏輯或介系詞搭配檢驗，本題皆唯一指向 (D) variation。 --- 【選項分析】 - (A) contrast：錯誤。 名詞，指「對比、對照、顯明反差」。常與介系詞 to 連用（如 a contrast to sth 表示「與某事物形成鮮明對比」），或作副詞片語 in contrast to/with。本段意在強調婚紗傳承自宗教儀式長袍的淵源，而非強調兩者風格的「反差對立」；且其後接介系詞 of 亦非自然搭配。 - (B) disparity：錯誤。 名詞，指「（多指地位、待遇、數量、貧富等）懸殊、差距、不平等」。常見搭配為 disparity between A and B 或 disparity in sth（如 income disparity）。

Answer

答案：D

Question 8

【題組共用題幹】

Today, Western wedding dresses are usually white. However, white did not become a popular option until 1840, after the marriage of Queen Victoria to Albert of Saxe-Coburg. Victoria wore a white gown for the event to incorporate some lace she prized. The official wedding portrait photograph was widely published, and many other brides ____ white in accordance with the Queen’s choice. The tradition continues today in the form of a white wedding, though prior to the Victorian era, a bride was married ____ any color, black being especially popular in Scandinavia. Later, many people assumed that the color white was intended to ____ virginity, though this was not the original intention. The white gown is in fact a symbolic Christening gown. It is a ____ of the white surplice worn in the Western Catholic tradition by members of the clergy, church choirs and servers and the gowns worn by girls celebrating their first communion and at their confirmation and also by women making religious ____ . Jews have gone to great lengths to follow these Western customs, whilst adhering to the laws of Tzniut. Today, the white dress is understood merely as the most traditional and popular choice for weddings.

Women making religious ____ .

Accepted Answer

核心觀念 本題測驗名詞字彙語意、動名詞搭配詞（Collocation）及西方宗教文化語境推論： 1. 動名詞慣用搭配：動詞 $	ext{make}$ 與名詞 $	ext{vow}$ 的搭配為固定片語 $	ext{make a vow / make vows}$（發誓、立誓、發願）。 2. 西方宗教與文化語境：天主教修女（女性）在加入修會、奉獻終身時所舉行的發願儀式稱為 $	ext{making religious vows}$（發宗教誓願，如神貧、貞潔、服從三誓願）。在此儀式中，宣誓者傳統上會穿著白色禮服，象徵純潔與獻身於基督。 --- 解題方法 1. 分析句子結構與平行語境： - 題目文句為：...and the gowns worn by girls celebrating their first communion and at their confirmation and also by women making religious . - 此處描繪西方天主教傳統中穿著白色長袍（surplice / gown）的不同人群與神聖場合： - 第一群人：聖職人員、唱詩班與輔祭（members of the clergy, church choirs and servers） - 第二群人：慶祝初領聖體與堅振禮的女童及少女（girls celebrating their first communion and at their confirmation） - 第三群人：進行某項重大宗教承諾的成年女性（women making religious ） 2. 檢驗動名詞搭配詞（Collocation）： - 空格前方為動詞分詞 $	ext{making}$，後接形容詞 $	ext{religious}$，空格需填入能與 $	ext{make}$ 形成自然搭配的複數名詞。 - 英語中表示「立誓、發願」時，習慣使用 $	ext{make a vow}$ 或 $	ext{take a vow}$；在修女發願的語境中，$	ext{religious vows}$ 即指「宗教誓願（神貧、貞潔、順從）」。 3. 綜合判斷： - 四個選項中，僅有 (D) $	ext{vows}$ 同時滿足與 $	ext{make}$ 的搭配要求，並符合天主教女性穿著白袍發願的文化背景。 ---

Answer

答案：D

Question 9

【題組共用題幹】 Are you one of those so-called “armchair athletes” who follow your favorite sports team’s every game cheering along but do not physically play the game? Although a recent study suggests that watching sport can make you fitter, it is time to stop staying on the sidelines and . According to research, viewing other people exercise increases heart rate and other physiological measures as if you were working out yourself. However, if you are truly health , it is even better and more effective to put it into practice. Playing a sport is not only fun but also boosts fitness and improves self-confidence. Learning a new sport can be tough and challenging. your body and mind to follow the rules and specific movements might be a challenge at first, but regular practice will make this easier.…

Accepted Answer

核心觀念 本題考「動詞語意」與「上下文判讀」。句子先說，喜歡看球賽的觀眾應該停止待在場邊，接著要做與「不只觀看、也親自運動」相呼應的事，因此空格應填「參與」。 解題方法 先看句意轉折：前文把只看比賽、不親自運動的人稱為「armchair athletes」，並指出觀看運動雖可能帶來一些生理反應，但實際參與運動更有助於健康。空格位於「stop staying on the sidelines（不要再待在場邊）」之後，語意上要接「加入、參與比賽或運動」。 選項分析

Answer

答案：A

Question 10

【題組共用題幹】 Are you one of those so-called “armchair athletes” who follow your favorite sports team’s every game cheering along but do not physically play the game? Although a recent study suggests that watching sport can make you fitter, it is time to stop staying on the sidelines and . According to research, viewing other people exercise increases heart rate and other physiological measures as if you were working out yourself. However, if you are truly health , it is even better and more effective to put it into practice. Playing a sport is not only fun but also boosts fitness and improves self-confidence. Learning a new sport can be tough and challenging. your body and mind to follow the rules and specific movements might be a challenge at first, but regular practice will make this easier.…

Accepted Answer

核心觀念 本題測驗「複合形容詞（Noun + Adjective）」的構詞規律與名詞搭配慣用法（Collocation），同時考驗主詞（人 vs. 物）與形容詞之間的語意相容性。 解題方法 1. 分析句型結構： 原句為條件子句 However, if you are truly health , it is even better and more effective to put it into practice.。 空格與前方的名詞 health 形成「名詞＋形容詞」的複合形容詞結構，在連綴動詞 are 後方充當主詞補語，用以修飾人稱代名詞主詞 you。 2. 掌握上下文語意： 前文指出研究顯示「光看別人運動也能提升心率等生理指標」，接著以轉折詞 However 帶出對比：若你真的是一個「注重健康」的人，親身實踐（運動）效果會更好。因此空格必須填入能與 health 搭配、且能形容「人（you）對健康持有積極關注態度」的形容詞。 選項分析 - (A) beneficial（錯誤） - 詞義：有益的、有幫助的。 - 用法盲點：beneficial 通常以「事物」或「行為」為主詞，常見句型為 sth is beneficial to sb/sth（例如：Regular exercise is beneficial to health.）。若填入此處，主詞為「人（you）」，英文中不會以人作主詞說 you are health-beneficial，語法與搭配皆不合。 - (B) conscious（正確） - 詞義：有意識的、在意的、關注的。

Answer

答案：B

Question 11

【題組共用題幹】 Are you one of those so-called “armchair athletes” who follow your favorite sports team’s every game cheering along but do not physically play the game? Although a recent study suggests that watching sport can make you fitter, it is time to stop staying on the sidelines and . According to research, viewing other people exercise increases heart rate and other physiological measures as if you were working out yourself. However, if you are truly health , it is even better and more effective to put it into practice. Playing a sport is not only fun but also boosts fitness and improves self-confidence. Learning a new sport can be tough and challenging. your body and mind to follow the rules and specific movements might be a challenge at first, but regular practice will make this easier.…

Accepted Answer

核心觀念

本題考字義辨析與上下文判讀。空格位於句首，後接「your body and mind to follow the rules and specific movements」，整段是句子的主詞；因此要選出能自然搭配「身體與心智」並表達學習運動時所需能力的動詞。

解題方法

句意是：「讓身體與心智協調地遵循規則並完成特定動作，起初可能是一項挑戰。」空格後的 your body and mind 是 coordinate 的受詞，to follow... 說明協調身心的目的與方向。

句首動名詞片語 Coordinating your body and mind to follow... 作為整句主詞，語意與文法皆通順，因此選 (A) Coordinating。

選項分析

Answer

答案：A

Question 12

【題組共用題幹】 Are you one of those so-called “armchair athletes” who follow your favorite sports team’s every game cheering along but do not physically play the game? Although a recent study suggests that watching sport can make you fitter, it is time to stop staying on the sidelines and . According to research, viewing other people exercise increases heart rate and other physiological measures as if you were working out yourself. However, if you are truly health , it is even better and more effective to put it into practice. Playing a sport is not only fun but also boosts fitness and improves self-confidence. Learning a new sport can be tough and challenging. your body and mind to follow the rules and specific movements might be a challenge at first, but regular practice will make this easier.…

Accepted Answer

核心觀念 本題考代名詞的所有格用法。空格位於動詞片語 develop 中，語意是「培養某種能力」，因此需要用代名詞代替前文所指的「肺活量」（lung capacity），並採用所有格代名詞。 解題方法 前句提到游泳能改善肺活量；接著說學游泳也能幫助氣喘患者培養「肺活量」。英文中可用所有格代名詞代替「某人的肺活量」： Swimming improves good lung capacity and learning to swim can help asthmatics develop theirs as well. 游泳能改善肺活量，學游泳也能幫助氣喘患者培養他們的肺活量。 theirs 是名詞性所有格代名詞，意為「他們的」，在句中代替 their lung capacity。

Answer

答案：D

Question 13

【題組共用題幹】 Are you one of those so-called “armchair athletes” who follow your favorite sports team’s every game cheering along but do not physically play the game? Although a recent study suggests that watching sport can make you fitter, it is time to stop staying on the sidelines and . According to research, viewing other people exercise increases heart rate and other physiological measures as if you were working out yourself. However, if you are truly health , it is even better and more effective to put it into practice. Playing a sport is not only fun but also boosts fitness and improves self-confidence. Learning a new sport can be tough and challenging. your body and mind to follow the rules and specific movements might be a challenge at first, but regular practice will make this easier.…

Accepted Answer

核心觀念 本題考查篇章脈絡理解與複合形容詞（Compound Adjectives）的語意搭配。 核心在於掌握文章主旨從「被動旁觀（armchair athletes / watching / staying on the sidelines）」轉向「親自參與（try your hand at / put it into practice / experiencing yourself）」之對比邏輯，並辨識與名詞 experience 構成的常見慣用搭配（collocation）。 --- 解題方法 1. 抓取篇章主旨與語境對照： 文章開篇以「扶手椅運動員」（armchair athletes）形容只看球賽而不實際運動的人，通篇呼籲讀者親自嘗試運動（try your hand at something）。第三段指出，親自去嘗試喜愛的運動項目，能讓你對於運動員在場上所經歷的考驗（what your favorite athletes are going through out there）獲得切身的體會。 2. 前後文同義置換（Paraphrase）： 本段末句直接給予提示：「cheering on your favorite team is great, but playing and experiencing some of it yourself is deeply satisfying.」此處的 experiencing ... yourself（自己親自體驗）即是空格處所要表達的意思。 3. 搭配詞檢驗（Collocation）： first-hand experience 為英文極常見之慣用語，意為「第一手經驗、親身體驗」，與看球賽所獲得的「間接經驗」（second-hand experience）形成精確對比。 --- 選項分析 (A) prime-time：錯誤。

Answer

答案：B

Question 14

【題組共用題幹】 It seemed like a curse. The summer of 821 was wet, cold and yielded a poor harvest. Then winter came. Temperatures plunged. Blizzards smothered towns and villages. The Danube, the Rhine and the Seine—rivers that never froze—froze so hard that the ice covering them could be crossed not just on foot but by horse and cart. Nor did spring bring respite. Terrible hailstorms followed the snow. Plague and famine followed the storms. The next few winters were worse. Fear stalked the land. Paschasius Radbertus, a monk of Corbie, in what is now northern France, wrote that God Himself was angry. Yet it was not God that wrought this destruction, according to Ulf Büntgen of the University of Cambridge, but rather a volcano now called Katla, on what was then an unknown island, now called Icelan…

Accepted Answer

核心觀念 本題測驗外文閱讀理解中常見的細節否定題（Negative Factual Information Question），重點在於考驗考生兩項能力： 1. 精準定位與同義改寫（Paraphrasing）辨識：能否快速在指定段落（第一段）中定位關於「821 年冬季」的氣候與後續影響描述，並辨認選項中的同義抽換詞。 2. 比較級與最高級（Comparative vs. Superlative）的邏輯辨析：區分文本中的「相對更甚（worse）」與選項中的「絕對之最（coldest）」，避免過度推論。 --- 解題方法 題幹明確要求選出第一段中未提及（NOT mentioned）關於 821 年歐洲冬季的描述。解題步驟如下： 1. 劃定掃描範圍：鎖定第一段的時間軸結構： - 821 年夏：821 summer - 821 年冬：winter came - 822 年春：spring - 往後數年冬：The next few winters 2. 比對選項特徵：檢視四個選項中何者「與原文矛盾」或「無中生有」，特別注意選項中是否有未經原文支持的極端詞或最高級形容詞。 --- 選項分析 - (A) It was the coldest one in the early 820s.（它是 820 年代初期最冷的一個冬天）——【符合題意，為正確選項目標】 - 分析：第一段提及該年冬天的酷寒後，緊接著指出：「The next few winters were worse.（接下來的幾個冬天更為惡劣／嚴酷）」。原文使用的是比較級「worse」，表示後續幾年的冬季甚至更糟、更嚴寒，因此 821 年的冬天並非 820 年代初期「最冷（coldest）」的冬天。選項使用了未受原文支持的最高級判斷，不僅未被提及，且與原文敘述矛盾，故為本題應選之錯誤選項。 - (B) The big rivers—the Danube, the Rhine and the Seine—froze.（多瑙河、萊茵河與塞納河等大河皆結冰了）——【錯誤，原文有明確提及】

Answer

答案：A

Question 15

【題組共用題幹】 It seemed like a curse. The summer of 821 was wet, cold and yielded a poor harvest. Then winter came. Temperatures plunged. Blizzards smothered towns and villages. The Danube, the Rhine and the Seine—rivers that never froze—froze so hard that the ice covering them could be crossed not just on foot but by horse and cart. Nor did spring bring respite. Terrible hailstorms followed the snow. Plague and famine followed the storms. The next few winters were worse. Fear stalked the land. Paschasius Radbertus, a monk of Corbie, in what is now northern France, wrote that God Himself was angry. Yet it was not God that wrought this destruction, according to Ulf Büntgen of the University of Cambridge, but rather a volcano now called Katla, on what was then an unknown island, now called Icelan…

Accepted Answer

核心觀念

本題測驗「細節反向判斷（Negative Factual Information）」與「觀點歸屬辨析（Perspective & Attribution）」。考生需精確區分文章中「9 世紀歷史人物的主觀視角與目擊紀錄」與「現代科學家的科學發現與客觀歸因」，並判斷在特定的時空背景下，何者超出了歷史當事人的認知範圍。

解題方法

鎖定題幹限制與檢索目標：

時間限制：In the 820s（西元 820 年代）
主體限制：Paschasius Radbertus, a monk of Corbie（科爾比修道院的修士拉德伯特斯）
題型要求：NOT be recognized（何者不會被他所認知／認同）

文本定位與觀點對比：

第一段中段描述當時的連鎖天災：「Terrible hailstorms followed the snow. Plague and famine followed the storms.」（暴雪後降冰雹，風暴後隨即爆發瘟疫與饑荒）。隨後指出修士的觀點：「Paschasius Radbertus... wrote that God Himself was angry.」（拉德伯特斯寫道，這是上帝本人的震怒）。
第一段末句與第二段形成強烈對比：「Yet it was not God that wrought this destruction, according to Ulf Büntgen... but rather a volcano now called Katla, on what was then an unknown island, now called Iceland.」（然而根據劍橋大學的布恩特根博士，造成這場毀滅的不是上帝，而是一座現名為卡特拉的火山，位於當時一座未知、現稱為冰島的島嶼上）。
第二段進一步說明，西元 821 年時冰島尚未進入諾斯人（維京人）的視野，並無人類文獻記載該次爆發，火山噴發的證據是現代科學家從史前森林年輪中找到的自然紀錄。

推論結論：修士身處西元 820 年代的中世紀歐洲，親歷並記錄了暴風雪、冰雹、瘟疫、饑荒等現象，在宗教世界觀下認定這是「上帝之怒與懲罰」。而「惡劣天氣是由冰島卡特拉火山噴發所引起」是現代科學家的研究成果，820 年代的修士絕不可能知曉此一事實。

選項分析

(A) God Himself wrought the destruction（是上帝親自降下這場毀滅）：錯誤（修士能認同此觀點，不合題意）。

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Answer

答案：D

Question 16

【題組共用題幹】 It seemed like a curse. The summer of 821 was wet, cold and yielded a poor harvest. Then winter came. Temperatures plunged. Blizzards smothered towns and villages. The Danube, the Rhine and the Seine—rivers that never froze—froze so hard that the ice covering them could be crossed not just on foot but by horse and cart. Nor did spring bring respite. Terrible hailstorms followed the snow. Plague and famine followed the storms. The next few winters were worse. Fear stalked the land. Paschasius Radbertus, a monk of Corbie, in what is now northern France, wrote that God Himself was angry. Yet it was not God that wrought this destruction, according to Ulf Büntgen of the University of Cambridge, but rather a volcano now called Katla, on what was then an unknown island, now called Icelan…

Accepted Answer

核心觀念 本題屬於閱讀測驗中的「事實細節題」（Factual Information Question），主要測驗考生掌握文章特定客觀事實的能力，包含： 1. 專有名詞定位：利用特定主詞（如火山名稱 Katla）快速在段落中精確定位。 2. 同義與細節辨識：辨識原文中的地理方位、數量詞（如 a score of）、時間副詞及修飾語（如 ice vs. sea water），避免落入「偷換概念」或「數字竄改」的干擾陷阱。 --- 解題方法 1. 題幹關鍵字定位： 題幹詢問「關於卡特拉火山（the volcano Katla），從本文中我們能得知什麼？」，核心關鍵字為專有名詞 Katla。 2. 段落掃描與比對： 掃描全文，第一段末僅帶出 Katla 之名；第三段聚焦於大型火山噴發影響氣候的物理與化學機制；關於 Katla 本身的現狀、地理特徵與歷史紀錄皆集中於第二段。 3. 核對原文陳述： 第二段開頭：“At the moment Katla, one of Iceland’s largest volcanoes, located near the island’s southern tip, sleeps beneath 700 metres of ice.” 該句直接指明其地理位置，與選項 (B) 完全契合。 --- 選項分析 (A) 錯誤： 原文依據：第二段提及 “It has so slept, albeit fitfully, for almost 100 years. Its last eruption big enough to break through the ice was in 1918.”（它已如此沉睡了將近 100 年，上次足以衝破冰層的大噴發是在 1918 年）。 錯誤原因：文中明確指出最後一次大噴發距今約 100 年（1918年），而非選項所稱的「200 年未噴發」（not erupted for 200 years），屬於竄改時間數據的干擾選項。

Answer

答案：B

Question 17

【題組共用題幹】 It seemed like a curse. The summer of 821 was wet, cold and yielded a poor harvest. Then winter came. Temperatures plunged. Blizzards smothered towns and villages. The Danube, the Rhine and the Seine—rivers that never froze—froze so hard that the ice covering them could be crossed not just on foot but by horse and cart. Nor did spring bring respite. Terrible hailstorms followed the snow. Plague and famine followed the storms. The next few winters were worse. Fear stalked the land. Paschasius Radbertus, a monk of Corbie, in what is now northern France, wrote that God Himself was angry. Yet it was not God that wrought this destruction, according to Ulf Büntgen of the University of Cambridge, but rather a volcano now called Katla, on what was then an unknown island, now called Icelan…

Accepted Answer

核心觀念 1. 不定代名詞替代（Pronoun Substitution）：英文篇章中為避免名詞重複，常使用不定代名詞 one 替代前文已出現過的「單數可數名詞」；若前文名詞為複數，則使用 ones。其常見搭配結構為「限定詞／形容詞 + one」。 2. 語意對比與平行結構（Contrast and Parallelism）：轉折連接詞（如 But、However）常連接結構對稱或語意對立的成分。辨識前後句中相對應的修飾語，是破解代名詞指涉的關鍵。 3. 篇章同義銜接（Lexical Cohesion）：後文接續出現的同義字、近義字，能作為反推與確認代名詞指涉對象的語意線索。 --- 解題方法 1. 定位代名詞所在的句子結構： 第二段關鍵句為： “There is thus no man-made record of what Katla was up to then. But Dr. Büntgen thinks he has found a natural one.” 2. 分析修飾語的平行對比關係： - 前句提出：man-made（人為的、人造的）+ record（紀錄）。 - 後句由轉折詞 But 引導：natural（天然的、大自然的）+ one。 - 形容詞 man-made 與 natural 構成標準的反義對比關係。由此可知，one 必然代表前句被修飾的核心名詞 record，完整結構還原即為「a natural record（自然界的紀錄）」。 3. 利用後文語意同義詞驗證： 接續句指出： “A memorandum of an eruption that coincides with the events described by Radbertus is, he believes, written in a prehistoric forest.” 句中的 memorandum（紀錄、備忘錄）即為 record 的同義替換，說明布特根博士（Dr. Büntgen）在史前森林（樹木年輪）中找到了這場火山爆發留下的自然地質紀錄，進一步驗證 one 指的就是 record。

Answer

答案：C

Question 18

【題組共用題幹】 It seemed like a curse. The summer of 821 was wet, cold and yielded a poor harvest. Then winter came. Temperatures plunged. Blizzards smothered towns and villages. The Danube, the Rhine and the Seine—rivers that never froze—froze so hard that the ice covering them could be crossed not just on foot but by horse and cart. Nor did spring bring respite. Terrible hailstorms followed the snow. Plague and famine followed the storms. The next few winters were worse. Fear stalked the land. Paschasius Radbertus, a monk of Corbie, in what is now northern France, wrote that God Himself was angry. Yet it was not God that wrought this destruction, according to Ulf Büntgen of the University of Cambridge, but rather a volcano now called Katla, on what was then an unknown island, now called Icelan…

Accepted Answer

核心觀念 1. 反向細節判斷題（Negative Detail Question）：題幹出現「NOT true」，要求考生在文章中定位資訊，並辨識出與原文事實不符或直接矛盾的選項。 2. 段落快速定位（Scanning）：利用選項的核心專有名詞（如 sulphur dioxide、sulphate aerosols、weather）作為關鍵字，精準鎖定對應之段落（第三段）。 3. 因果關係與分詞構句理解：測驗考生對關係代名詞子句（which reacts...）、形容詞子句（that reflect...）以及現在分詞作結果狀語（cooling the air beneath）的理解，特別是詞彙極性（降溫 vs. 升溫）的反義對比。 --- 解題方法 1. 審題鎖定題型與範圍：題幹詢問「關於火山噴發（volcanic eruptions），下列何者不正確（NOT true）」。掃描四個選項，均圍繞火山噴發物（二氧化硫、硫酸鹽氣膠）對氣候與陽光的影響，可直接將資訊定位至第三段。 2. 精讀定位句並拆解句構： 第三段前兩句為全題解答關鍵： "Large volcanic eruptions can affect the weather. In particular they eject sulphur dioxide, which reacts with atmospheric gases to form sulphate aerosols that reflect sunlight back into space, cooling the air beneath." - 主幹 1：大型火山噴發會影響天氣（Large volcanic eruptions can affect the weather.）。 - 主幹 2：噴發物為二氧化硫（they eject sulphur dioxide）。 - 子句修飾：二氧化硫與大氣氣體反應形成硫酸鹽氣膠（which reacts with atmospheric gases to form sulphate aerosols）。 - 氣膠作用：將陽光反射回太空（that reflect sunlight back into space）。 - 最終結果：使下方空氣冷卻降溫（, cooling the air beneath）。 3. 對照選項：將四個選項逐一比對上述拆解脈絡，尋找與原文陳述相悖之處。 --- 選項分析 - (A) The ejected sulphur dioxide would react with atmospheric gases.（噴出的二氧化硫會與大氣氣體產生反應。

Answer

答案：C

Question 19

【題組共用題幹】 Experiments that go according to plan can be useful. But the biggest scientific advances often emerge from those that do not. Such is the case with a study just reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. When they began it, Hector DeLuca of the University of Wisconsin, Madison, and his colleagues had been intending to examine the effects of ultraviolet (UV) light on mice suffering from a rodent version of multiple sclerosis (MS). By the project’s end, however, they had in their hands two substances which may prove valuable drugs against the illness. Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease. This means it is caused by a victim’s immune system turning on and destroying parts of his own body. In the case of MS the targets of these attacks, which may continue…

Accepted Answer

核心觀念 本題考查根據文章內容辨識研究目的與實際結果是否一致。解題時要區分「研究原先打算做什麼」和「研究最後得到什麼成果」，不能只憑選項中的相同關鍵字判斷。 解題方法 文章第一段先說明：照計畫進行的實驗固然有用，但重大發現常出現在未照原計畫發展的研究中。接著指出，DeLuca 團隊原本打算研究紫外線對患有多發性硬化症（MS）小鼠的影響；然而，計畫結束時，團隊取得了兩種可能對治療 MS 有價值的物質。 因此，團隊的研究成果超出原先預期，與 (B) It leads to results different from the team’s expectation. 相符。 選項分析 (A) It aims to treat MS patients at high latitudes. 錯誤。文章提到高緯度地區 MS 較常見，是研究者在 1970 年代觀察到的現象，並非 DeLuca 團隊的研究目標。團隊原本研究的是紫外線對患病小鼠的影響，也不是治療高緯度地區的 MS 患者。

Answer

答案：B

Question 20

【題組共用題幹】 Experiments that go according to plan can be useful. But the biggest scientific advances often emerge from those that do not. Such is the case with a study just reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. When they began it, Hector DeLuca of the University of Wisconsin, Madison, and his colleagues had been intending to examine the effects of ultraviolet (UV) light on mice suffering from a rodent version of multiple sclerosis (MS). By the project’s end, however, they had in their hands two substances which may prove valuable drugs against the illness. Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease. This means it is caused by a victim’s immune system turning on and destroying parts of his own body. In the case of MS the targets of these attacks, which may continue…

Accepted Answer

核心觀念 本題考英文閱讀理解中的「細節判斷」：依文章內容逐一核對選項，找出與原文不符的敘述。文中說明，多發性硬化症（multiple sclerosis, MS）是自體免疫疾病；免疫系統攻擊的是包覆神經細胞的脂肪鞘，而非神經細胞本身。 解題方法 先定位第二段對 MS 的描述，再比對各選項的主詞、動作及對象： - 疾病類型：自體免疫疾病。 - 可能影響：患者可能身體衰弱、失能，也可能失明。 - 攻擊目標：包覆神經細胞、協助神經訊號傳導的脂肪鞘。 因此，將攻擊目標說成「神經細胞」的選項與原文不符。 選項分析 - (A) It is an autoimmune disease. 正確。原文直接指出：「Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease.」

Answer

答案：D

Question 21

【題組共用題幹】 Experiments that go according to plan can be useful. But the biggest scientific advances often emerge from those that do not. Such is the case with a study just reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. When they began it, Hector DeLuca of the University of Wisconsin, Madison, and his colleagues had been intending to examine the effects of ultraviolet (UV) light on mice suffering from a rodent version of multiple sclerosis (MS). By the project’s end, however, they had in their hands two substances which may prove valuable drugs against the illness. Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease. This means it is caused by a victim’s immune system turning on and destroying parts of his own body. In the case of MS the targets of these attacks, which may continue…

Accepted Answer

核心觀念

本題考查英文閱讀理解，重點是辨識段落中「觀察結果」與「研究假說」之間的因果關係。作答時要找出研究者提出維生素 D 假說的直接線索，而非把後續實驗結果或後來的發現當成原始假說的依據。

解題方法

題目問：「什麼促成了 1970 年代『維生素 D 可能有助於預防多發性硬化症』的假說？」

定位文章第三段。研究者先注意到一項現象：多發性硬化症在赤道附近比高緯度地區少見。接著，研究者提出維生素 D 可能具有預防作用的假說；文章再以熱帶居民日照較多，說明這項假說為何合理。

因此，假說的直接起因是「不同地區的多發性硬化症盛行狀況有差異」，也就是赤道附近較少見。

選項分析

(A) MS is rarer near the equator than it is at high latitudes. 正確。文章指出，研究者在 1970 年代發現多發性硬化症在赤道附近比高緯度地區少見，這項觀察促成了維生素 D 可能有助於預防疾病的假說。

Answer

答案：A

Question 22

【題組共用題幹】 Experiments that go according to plan can be useful. But the biggest scientific advances often emerge from those that do not. Such is the case with a study just reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. When they began it, Hector DeLuca of the University of Wisconsin, Madison, and his colleagues had been intending to examine the effects of ultraviolet (UV) light on mice suffering from a rodent version of multiple sclerosis (MS). By the project’s end, however, they had in their hands two substances which may prove valuable drugs against the illness. Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease. This means it is caused by a victim’s immune system turning on and destroying parts of his own body. In the case of MS the targets of these attacks, which may continue…

Accepted Answer

核心觀念 本題測驗「字彙的多義性（Polysemy）與特定語境判斷能力」以及「學術英文出版品專有名詞的理解」。 1. 名詞 proceedings 的學術定義：proceeding 作單數時常見意義為「行動、進程」；在複數形 proceedings 下，有兩大核心專業領域用法： - 法律領域：指「訴訟程序、法律訴訟」（legal proceedings）。 - 學術與出版領域：專指學術學會、科學院或學術研討會所出版的「學術研究紀錄、會議論文集、學報彙編」（official published records/reports of research papers or meetings）。 2. 上下文線索（Context Clues）的呼應：透過句中「a study just reported in the...」及發起單位「National Academy of Sciences（國家科學院）」來精確定位該詞的學術屬性。 --- 解題方法 1. 定位原文語境： 題幹出自第一段第三句： "Such is the case with a study just reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences." （剛剛發表於《美國國家科學院院刊》的一項研究正是如此。） 2. 拆解專有名詞結構： - National Academy of Sciences：國家科學院（權威學術機構）。 - Proceedings of the [Academic Body]：為國際學術界極為普遍的期刊命名體例，例如著名的《PNAS》（Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences），中文常譯為《美國國家科學院院刊》。 3. 對照語境功能： 句中提到「一項研究報告（a study just reported）」被刊登在該處，可知此處的 Proceedings 是承載、記錄「學術研究成果與發現」的刊物（a record of academic findings）。 ---

Answer

答案：C

Question 23

【題組共用題幹】 Experiments that go according to plan can be useful. But the biggest scientific advances often emerge from those that do not. Such is the case with a study just reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. When they began it, Hector DeLuca of the University of Wisconsin, Madison, and his colleagues had been intending to examine the effects of ultraviolet (UV) light on mice suffering from a rodent version of multiple sclerosis (MS). By the project’s end, however, they had in their hands two substances which may prove valuable drugs against the illness. Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease. This means it is caused by a victim’s immune system turning on and destroying parts of his own body. In the case of MS the targets of these attacks, which may continue…

Accepted Answer

核心觀念 本題考查閱讀理解中的 unintended result（非預期結果），要從文章找出研究原本的目的，以及實驗最後意外得到的成果。 解題方法 研究團隊原本要用特定波長的紫外線照射罹患類多發性硬化症（MS）的小鼠，以進一步研究紫外線的預防效果。文章第一段接著指出，研究結束時，團隊手上有「兩種可能對治療 MS 有價值的物質」。這項發現就是題目所問的非預期結果。 選項分析 - (A) It ruled out the helpfulness of vitamin D. 錯。文章提到先前實驗未能支持「維生素 D 可預防 MS」的假說，但那是研究背景，不是這次實驗的意外結果。 - (B) It turned out they had focused on the wrong sort of sunlight. 錯。先前研究已將預防效果與波長 300 至 315 奈米的紫外線聯繫起來；最新實驗正是使用這種紫外線，並未發現研究團隊選錯光線。

Answer

答案：D

Question 24

【題組共用題幹】

By about age 12, students who feel threatened by mathematics start to avoid math courses, do poorly in the few math classes they do take, and earn low scores on math-achievement tests. Some scientists have theorized that kids having little math aptitude in the first place justifiably dread grappling with numbers. However, it is not that simple, at least for college students, according to a study in the Journal of Experimental Psychology. According to the study, people’s intrusive worries about math temporarily disrupt mental processes needed for doing arithmetic and drag down math competence, report Mark H. Ashcraft and Elizabeth P. Kirk, both psychologists at Cleveland (Ohio) State University. Math anxiety exerts this effect by making it difficult to hold new information in mind while simultaneously manipulating it, the researchers hold. Psychologists regard this capacity, known as working memory, as crucial for dealing with numbers. “Math anxiety soaks up working memory resources and makes it harder to learn mathematics, probably beginning in middle school,” Ashcraft says.

What is the purpose of this passage?

Accepted Answer

核心觀念 本題測驗閱讀理解，重點是從文章中找出研究者的主要發現，並辨認選項是否忠實轉述原文。文章指出，數學焦慮會占用工作記憶，使人較難同時保留並操作新資訊，因而妨礙數學學習與計算表現。 解題方法 先定位題幹中的研究者 Ashcraft 與 Kirk，再對照文章描述他們的研究結果： - intrusive worries about math temporarily disrupt mental processes needed for doing arithmetic：對數學的侵入性憂慮會暫時干擾計算所需的心智歷程。 - Math anxiety soaks up working memory resources and makes it harder to learn mathematics：數學焦慮會占用工作記憶資源，使數學學習變得更困難。 因此，研究者報告的核心關係是「擔心數學會讓人更難做數學」。 選項分析 - (A) Doing poorly in math tends not to cause math anxiety. 錯誤。

Answer

答案：C

Question 25

【題組共用題幹】

By about age 12, students who feel threatened by mathematics start to avoid math courses, do poorly in the few math classes they do take, and earn low scores on math-achievement tests. Some scientists have theorized that kids having little math aptitude in the first place justifiably dread grappling with numbers. However, it is not that simple, at least for college students, according to a study in the Journal of Experimental Psychology. According to the study, people’s intrusive worries about math temporarily disrupt mental processes needed for doing arithmetic and drag down math competence, report Mark H. Ashcraft and Elizabeth P. Kirk, both psychologists at Cleveland (Ohio) State University. Math anxiety exerts this effect by making it difficult to hold new information in mind while simultaneously manipulating it, the researchers hold. Psychologists regard this capacity, known as working memory, as crucial for dealing with numbers. “Math anxiety soaks up working memory resources and makes it harder to learn mathematics, probably beginning in middle school,” Ashcraft says.

What is the purpose of this passage?

Accepted Answer

核心觀念 本題考上下文辨義，要找出「一邊記住新資訊、一邊運用或操作該資訊」所指的心理認知能力。文中將這種能力稱為 working memory（工作記憶）。 解題方法 先定位題幹中的關鍵描述：remembering new information while using it（在使用新資訊的同時記住它）。再回到文章尋找對應定義： hold new information in mind while simultaneously manipulating it 意思是「在心中保留新資訊，同時對它進行操作」。文章接著說，心理學家稱這種能力為 working memory。因此答案是 (D)。 選項分析

Answer

答案：D

Question 26

【題組共用題幹】

By about age 12, students who feel threatened by mathematics start to avoid math courses, do poorly in the few math classes they do take, and earn low scores on math-achievement tests. Some scientists have theorized that kids having little math aptitude in the first place justifiably dread grappling with numbers. However, it is not that simple, at least for college students, according to a study in the Journal of Experimental Psychology. According to the study, people’s intrusive worries about math temporarily disrupt mental processes needed for doing arithmetic and drag down math competence, report Mark H. Ashcraft and Elizabeth P. Kirk, both psychologists at Cleveland (Ohio) State University. Math anxiety exerts this effect by making it difficult to hold new information in mind while simultaneously manipulating it, the researchers hold. Psychologists regard this capacity, known as working memory, as crucial for dealing with numbers. “Math anxiety soaks up working memory resources and makes it harder to learn mathematics, probably beginning in middle school,” Ashcraft says.

What is the purpose of this passage?

Accepted Answer

核心觀念：篇章結構中的「觀點對立與反駁」（Counterarguments）

本題測驗考生在學術型論說文（Academic Reading）中，掌握論點轉折與因果關係辨析的能力。在英文學術文章的常見論證架構中，往往會先提出「過去既有的假說／常識（Conventional Wisdom / Theorized View）」，再透過「轉折詞（However / Yet / Nonetheless）」帶出「最新研究成果（New Findings）」，藉以修正或推翻舊有看法。

解題的核心在於精確掌握題幹關鍵動詞 "challenge"（質疑、挑戰、駁斥） 的方向性——題目問的是「該研究推翻／挑戰了哪一個既有理論」，而非「該研究自身提出了什麼新發現」。

解題方法：轉折前置定位法

本題可依循以下四個步驟迅速破題：

辨識題幹焦點：題幹問「What theory does the Ashcraft and Kirk study challenge?」，要求找出 Ashcraft 與 Kirk 的研究成果所「挑戰／反對」的前人觀點。
定位研究引述與轉折訊號：文中第 3 句出現轉折標記詞 "However"：

"However, it is not that simple, at least for college students, according to a study in the Journal of Experimental Psychology... report Mark H. Ashcraft and Elizabeth P. Kirk..." 這表示兩位學者的研究是用來反駁前文提到的說法。

回溯被反駁的既有理論：轉折詞 "However" 前一句（第 2 句）明確交代了被挑戰的原有理論：

"Some scientists have theorized that kids having little math aptitude in the first place justifiably dread grappling with numbers." （有些科學家曾提出理論：原先就缺乏數學天賦的孩子，理所當然會害怕處理數字。）該理論主張的因果鏈為：天生缺乏數學性向（因） $\rightarrow$ 害怕數字／產生焦慮（果）。

比對改寫選項：將上述理論「缺乏數學天賦導致數學焦慮」轉化為同義句，即為「數學焦慮是數學天賦低落的結果」（Math anxiety is a result of low math aptitude），直接命中選項 (B)。

選項分析

(A) Math anxiety improves math performance.（數學焦慮能提升數學表現）
錯誤。文章第 4 句提到焦慮會「disrupt mental processes」（干擾心智運作）並「drag down math competence」（拉低數學能力），第 6 句指出「makes it harder to learn mathematics」（使學習數學更加困難）。

Answer

答案：B

Question 27

【題組共用題幹】

By about age 12, students who feel threatened by mathematics start to avoid math courses, do poorly in the few math classes they do take, and earn low scores on math-achievement tests. Some scientists have theorized that kids having little math aptitude in the first place justifiably dread grappling with numbers. However, it is not that simple, at least for college students, according to a study in the Journal of Experimental Psychology. According to the study, people’s intrusive worries about math temporarily disrupt mental processes needed for doing arithmetic and drag down math competence, report Mark H. Ashcraft and Elizabeth P. Kirk, both psychologists at Cleveland (Ohio) State University. Math anxiety exerts this effect by making it difficult to hold new information in mind while simultaneously manipulating it, the researchers hold. Psychologists regard this capacity, known as working memory, as crucial for dealing with numbers. “Math anxiety soaks up working memory resources and makes it harder to learn mathematics, probably beginning in middle school,” Ashcraft says.

What is the purpose of this passage?

Accepted Answer

核心觀念 本題考查閱讀理解中的文章主旨與寫作目的。判斷時要掌握全文反覆說明的核心訊息，而不是只抓開頭的背景或其中一個細節。 解題方法 文章先提到，有些學生因為害怕數學而逃避相關課程、成績較差；接著介紹 Ashcraft 與 Kirk 的研究，說明數學焦慮會暫時干擾心算所需的心理運作，並占用工作記憶資源，使數學學習變得困難。 全文的主軸是報導一項關於數學焦慮如何影響數學能力的研究，不是提出教學方法或評論數學教學。 選項分析 - (A) to report a study about math anxiety：正確。文章引述《Journal of Experimental Psychology》的一項研究，並整理研究者對數學焦慮、工作記憶與數學能力之間關係的說明。

Answer

答案：A

Question 28

【題組共用題幹】

By about age 12, students who feel threatened by mathematics start to avoid math courses, do poorly in the few math classes they do take, and earn low scores on math-achievement tests. Some scientists have theorized that kids having little math aptitude in the first place justifiably dread grappling with numbers. However, it is not that simple, at least for college students, according to a study in the Journal of Experimental Psychology. According to the study, people’s intrusive worries about math temporarily disrupt mental processes needed for doing arithmetic and drag down math competence, report Mark H. Ashcraft and Elizabeth P. Kirk, both psychologists at Cleveland (Ohio) State University. Math anxiety exerts this effect by making it difficult to hold new information in mind while simultaneously manipulating it, the researchers hold. Psychologists regard this capacity, known as working memory, as crucial for dealing with numbers. “Math anxiety soaks up working memory resources and makes it harder to learn mathematics, probably beginning in middle school,” Ashcraft says.

What is the purpose of this passage?

Accepted Answer

核心觀念 本題考查英文閱讀理解中的推論題。作答時要根據文章提供的資訊，推得與原文相符的結論；不能把原文沒有提到的建議、因果關係或絕對說法當成答案。 解題方法 第一句指出：「大約到了 12 歲，對數學感到受威脅的學生開始逃避數學課程……」這句提供了年齡與數學焦慮的時間線索：文中描述的逃避行為約從 12 歲開始，因此可以推知，學生在 12 歲之前通常尚未表現出這種對數學的威脅感。 文章後文說明，數學焦慮會占用工作記憶，妨礙學生同時記住並處理新資訊，進而影響數學學習能力。這是研究對數學焦慮影響的解釋，並未主張應如何安排學生的課程，也沒有提供測定數學天賦的方法。 選項分析 - (A) Students who have math anxiety should not be forced to take math classes after middle school. 錯誤。文章沒有建議學生在國中後免修數學課；它只說明數學焦慮會妨礙工作記憶與數學能力。

Answer

答案：D

107 國際經濟商務人員三等 國際經濟商務人員英文組 外國文（英文） 考古題詳解

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107 國際經濟商務人員三等國際經濟商務人員英文組外國文（英文）考古題詳解