110 司法特考三等 公證人 英文 考古題詳解
第 一 題30 分
英譯中:
Processes of amending or changing a constitution are normally provided in the document itself. The United States Constitution has only been amended 26 times since it went into effect in 1789, and ten of those amendments consist of the Bill of Rights that was added in 1791. Because the amendment process is time-consuming and cumbersome, the fundamental law of the nation is not easily subject to the whims of special-interest group, factions, or even the majority of the population at any given time. The shorter and more basic a constitution is, the less likely it is to be changed. The most successful constitutions confine themselves primarily to the procedures of government.
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核心觀念
本題測驗法律政治類英文文章的理解與翻譯,重點包括:
- 被動語態:
are normally provided in - 現在完成式:
has only been amended - 關係代名詞與代指:
those amendments because引導原因子句the + 比較級..., the + 比較級...句型- 法律及政治用語的準確翻譯
本題屬英譯中,不涉及臺灣法條適用;若涉及法規判斷,應以命題當年(民國110年)法規為準。
解題方法
翻譯時依「先辨識句構,再處理專有名詞,最後調整中文語序」的方式作答:
- 先找出各句的主詞、動詞及修飾語。
- 被動語態譯為中文的「規定於、受到……」。
- 法律政治詞彙採正式、穩定的中文表達。
- 英文長句依邏輯切分,將原因、結果、條件關係清楚呈現。
the shorter and more basic..., the less likely...譯為「越……,越……」。
逐句解析與翻譯
第一句
Processes of amending or changing a constitution are normally provided in the document itself.
Processes of amending or changing a constitution:修正或變更憲法的程序。are normally provided:通常被規定、通常載明。in the document itself:在該文件本身,即憲法本身。
參考翻譯:
修正或變更憲法的程序,通常規定於憲法文件本身。
第二句
The United States Constitution has only been amended 26 times since it went into effect in 1789, and ten of those amendments consist of the Bill of Rights that was added in 1791.
has only been amended 26 times:自公布施行以來,僅修正過26次。since it went into effect in 1789:自1789年生效以來。ten of those amendments:其中十項修正案。the Bill of Rights:〈權利法案〉。that was added in 1791:該權利法案於1791年增列。
consist of 原意為「由……組成」,本句實際語意是「其中十項修正案構成了1791年增列的〈權利法案〉」。
參考翻譯:
美國憲法自1789年生效以來,僅修正過26次,其中十項修正案構成了於1791年增列的〈權利法案〉。
第三句
Because the amendment process is time-consuming and cumbersome, the fundamental law of the nation is not easily subject to the whims of special-interest group, factions, or even the majority of the population at any given time.
Because:因為。time-consuming and cumbersome:耗時且繁瑣。
第 二 題30 分
中譯英:
記憶可以分為三個層次:立即、短期、長期。立即記憶延續不超過二、三秒,也就是感官收錄印象所需要的時間。短期記憶可以延續幾秒至幾分鐘,一個人查到一個號碼然後打電話,講完電話後,通常就已經忘記這個號碼了。長期記憶可以延續一輩子,但有些專家認為,長期記憶的資訊如果不加以使用,可能會流失。
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核心觀念
本題考查中譯英的基本能力,重點包括:
- 分類與定義的表達:如「分為三個層次」可譯為 be divided into three levels。
- 時間長度的表達:如「不超過二、三秒」可用 last no more than two or three seconds。
- 時間範圍的表達:如「幾秒至幾分鐘」可用 from several seconds to several minutes。
- 條件句與被動語態:如「如果不加以使用,可能會流失」可用 may be lost if it is not used。
- 代名詞與連接詞的運用:須使英文前後語意連貫,避免逐字翻譯造成句型不自然。
解題方法
全文可依照原文分成四個語意單位:
- 先說明記憶的三種類型。
- 說明立即記憶的持續時間及其原因。
- 說明短期記憶的持續時間,並舉查電話號碼的例子。
- 說明長期記憶的持續時間,以及資訊可能流失的條件。
翻譯時以英文自然句型為主,不必拘泥於中文標點逐句對譯。時間長度統一使用動詞 last,三種記憶名稱則使用固定且常見的英文:
- 立即記憶:immediate memory
- 短期記憶:short-term memory
- 長期記憶:long-term memory
逐句解析
1. 記憶可以分為三個層次:立即、短期、長期。
可譯為:
Memory can be divided into three levels: immediate, short-term, and long-term.
「可以分為」使用被動結構 can be divided into;三個形容詞後面省略重複的 memory,英文行文更簡潔。
也可寫成:
Memory can be classified into three levels: immediate memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory.
classified into 語意正確,但本題使用 divided into 更直接自然。
2. 立即記憶延續不超過二、三秒,也就是感官收錄印象所需要的時間。
可譯為:
Immediate memory lasts no more than two or three seconds, which is the amount of time required for sensory impressions to be registered.
「延續」在此指記憶持續存在,使用 lasts 最自然。
「不超過」可用:
- no more than
- not more than
其中 no more than two or three seconds 較符合英文慣用表達。
「感官收錄印象」可理解為感官將外界印象登錄、記錄下來,因此使用被動語態:
for sensory impressions to be registered
which 引導非限定關係子句,補充說明前面所指的時間。
3. 短期記憶可以延續幾秒至幾分鐘,一個人查到一個號碼然後打電話,講完電話後,通常就已經忘記這個號碼了。
可分成兩句翻譯:
Short-term memory can last from several seconds to several minutes. When a person looks up a number and then makes a phone call, he or she has usually forgotten the number by the time the call is over.
「幾秒至幾分鐘」使用固定句型:
from several seconds to several minutes
「查到一個號碼」可譯為 look up a number,表示透過資料查詢取得號碼;不宜直譯為 check a number,因為 look up 更符合「查詢資料」的語意。
「打電話」可用 make a phone call 或 make a call。
「講完電話後」可譯為:
- after the call is over
- by the time the call is over
第 三 題40 分
英文作文:
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, a great number of company employees have been asked to work from home. WFH (Work from Home) has become a current trend all around the world. In the first paragraph, please describe your knowledge or experience of WFH. In the second paragraph, please present both the pros and the cons of WFH.
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核心觀念
本題屬於「雙段式英文作文」,主題為 COVID-19 疫情下的 Work from Home(WFH,居家辦公)。
題目要求明確分成兩段:
- 第一段:描述自己對 WFH 的認識或經驗。
- 第二段:同時說明 WFH 的優點與缺點。
寫作重點不在艱深字彙,而在於:
- 是否確實分成兩段。
- 第一段有「認識或經驗」的具體內容。
- 第二段同時涵蓋 pros 與 cons。
- 段落主旨清楚,句子銜接自然。
- 文法、時態、單複數與拼字正確。
可採用的文章架構如下:
解題方法
第一段先交代疫情如何促使 WFH 普及,再加入個人經驗或一般性的觀察。即使考生沒有實際居家工作的經驗,也可使用合理的假設,例如「在疫情期間,我曾經在家上班」或「我觀察到許多公司改採遠距工作」。
第一段可使用以下寫作順序:
- COVID-19 導致公司減少面對面接觸。
- 許多員工改在家工作。
- 說明自己的 WFH 經驗、工作方式或適應情形。
- 提出對 WFH 的初步看法。
第二段必須採「正反並陳」方式。先寫優點,再寫缺點,最後作出平衡性的結論。
常用邏輯如下:
- 優點一:節省通勤時間與交通費。
- 優點二:工作時間較有彈性,生活安排更方便。
- 優點三:公司可降低辦公室租金與管理成本。
- 缺點一:工作與私人生活的界線變得模糊。
- 缺點二:員工可能感到孤立,溝通效率下降。
- 缺點三:家庭環境、網路品質與設備可能影響工作表現。
- 結論:WFH 有效,但需要良好管理、自律與溝通制度。
參考作文
第一段:
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many companies have allowed their employees to work from home. During this period, I experienced WFH for several months. Instead of going to the office, I used a computer and online meeting software to communicate with my colleagues. At first, it was difficult to adapt because I was used to working in an office. However, after arranging a regular schedule and preparing a quiet workspace, I gradually became more comfortable with this new way of working. In my opinion, WFH is not merely a temporary measure during the pandemic. It has become an important change in the modern workplace.
第二段:
WFH has several advantages. First, employees can save time and money because they do not need to commute to work every day. They may also have greater flexibility in arranging their work and family life. In addition, companies can reduce expenses for office space and daily operations. Nevertheless, WFH also has some disadvantages. Employees may find it difficult to separate work from personal life, and some of them may feel lonely without face-to-face communication. Technical problems, distractions at home, and poor Internet connections may also reduce work efficiency. Therefore, WFH can be an effec