109 高普考高考三級 新聞(選試英文) 新聞英文 考古題詳解
第 一 題35 分
Please rewrite the following news into a short Chinese news paragraph of around 150 words. Provide your news with a headline and organize your news writing with an introduction, a body and a conclusion. (35分)
Only a few months ago residents of the impossibly picturesque Austrian village of Hallstatt were debating how to stem the influx of tourists thronging its narrow streets, nestled between soaring mountains and a sparkling lake.
Careful what you wish for: With the collapse in international travel brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic, the tour groups that used to jam the streets—with up to 100 coaches arriving daily in the high season—have disappeared.
In pre-coronavirus times the main concern for locals was that Hallstatt would be turned into an open-air theme park and become yet another symbol of the phenomenon of “overtourism.” With 1 million visitors per year for just 750 residents, the tiny village competed with the likes of Venice and Barcelona in the rankings of most tourists per inhabitant.
“There are more than 600,000 photos of Hallstatt on Instagram,” Hallstatt Mayor Alexander Scheutz said. The number of coaches coming to Hallstatt doubled in the space of five years, reaching 21,254 last year. Many of the bigger tour groups were made up of visitors from Taiwan, China, South Korea and the US.
While today the virus has brought a measure of serenity to the village, the debate on how tourism can be made more sustainable has returned even more forcefully. A growing divide had been opening up between the local winners and losers from the tourism boom, Scheutz said.
As Austria was easing its COVID-19 lockdown last month, Hallstatt brought in a new system for limiting coach numbers—only for the coaches to vanish anyway. While the car park has been full on the weekends since lockdown eased, current visitors are overwhelmingly Austrians or people from neighboring countries.
“The way it is now reminds us of how Hallstatt was before, and we’d like it to stay that way,” said one local climbing the steps to her house, which clings to the mountainside.
The forced respite brought about by coronavirus should be a chance to “get things back in order,” Scheutz said, adding that the village could swap quantity for “quality” when it comes to tourism. But it’s not as easy as saying: “We’ll start from scratch,” he said.
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核心觀念
本題測驗新聞英文改寫與中文新聞編譯能力，重點包括擷取主旨、辨識新聞事件的變化與因果關係，以及以精簡、客觀的中文呈現資訊。題目要求約 150 字，並具備標題、導言、主體與結語；不必逐句翻譯，應優先保留能交代事件、背景、影響及後續方向的內容。
解題方法
先用一句話概括主旨：新冠疫情使奧地利哈修塔特的國際觀光客與遊覽車大幅減少，居民暫得清靜，也重新思考如何發展永續觀光。
再依新聞結構安排資訊：
- 導言：交代疫情造成的觀光轉變，以及哈修塔特重新獲得寧靜。
- 主體：補充疫情前的觀光規模與過度觀光問題，再說明目前遊客以奧地利及鄰近國家旅客為主。
- 結語：呈現地方對未來觀光的期待：從追求人數轉向提升品質，但轉型並非一蹴可幾。
原文提到每年約 100 萬名遊客、居民僅 750 人、旺季每日最多 100 輛遊覽車，以及去年遊覽車達 21,254 輛。篇幅有限時，選取一至兩項數字即可，避免數據堆疊擠壓新聞主旨。
參考作答
疫情重創觀光 哈修塔特盼轉向永續旅遊
新冠疫情重創國際旅遊，奧地利風景名村哈修塔特的遊覽車團驟減，居民久違地享有清靜，也重新思考觀光發展方向。
疫情前，哈修塔特每年吸引約 100 萬名遊客，當地居民僅約 750 人；旺季一天最多有 100 輛遊覽車湧入。大量旅客曾使狹窄街道擁擠，地方也憂心村莊淪為露天主題樂園，並出現觀光收益分配不均的問題。
第 二 題35 分
請將下列新聞翻譯成英文，並給予一個恰當的標題。（35分）
科技巨頭亞馬遜（Amazon）正式禁止警方使用該公司的臉部辨識軟體一年。這一決定正值民權倡議人士對監控技術可能存在種族偏見表示擔憂之際。本週，國際商業機器公司（IBM）亦表示，將停止提供其臉部辨識軟體作「大規模監控或種族歸納」之用。
非裔美國人喬治．佛洛伊德（George Floyd）在被警察制服期間死亡，美國抗議活動在多地蔓延，各企業在受到外界壓力要求回應之後，作出了這樣的決定。
「我們主張，各國政府應該訂立更有力的法規，監管人臉辨識技術的有道德使用，而在近日，國會似乎是準備好迎接這一挑戰，」亞馬遜在一份聲明中說。
「我們希望，這一年暫停會給國會足夠的時間來實施合適的規則，而且假如有需要，我們隨時會給予幫助。」不過，該公司稱，仍然會提供相關技術協助警方偵測人口販賣等不法情事。
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核心觀念
本題測驗新聞英文翻譯與標題寫作，重點是準確傳達新聞事件、因果與引述，同時使用自然、精簡的英文新聞語體。翻譯時須注意：
- 事件與時間：Amazon 暫停警方使用臉部辨識軟體一年；IBM 另宣布停止將其軟體用於大規模監控或種族歸納。
- 背景與原因：決定發生於民權人士對監控技術可能有種族偏見的疑慮，以及 Floyd 死亡後抗議活動擴大的背景下。
- 引述與保留事項：Amazon 呼籲政府制定規範，並表示暫停期間仍會提供技術協助警方偵測人口販賣等犯罪。
解題方法
先依新聞脈絡整理段落功能，再逐段翻譯：
- 導言：用 has announced a one-year moratorium 表達「正式禁止……一年」。moratorium 是暫停、暫緩措施，適合描述限期停止使用。
- 爭議背景：將「正值……之際」譯為 amid concerns that...，簡潔交代決定出台時的社會背景。
- 其他企業的動向：用 also said it would stop providing... for... 表達 IBM 的政策，並保留「大規模監控或種族歸納」的用途限制。
- 抗議與企業回應：用 following the death of... while being restrained by police 描述 Floyd 死亡事件；以 protests spread across the United States 和 under pressure to respond 交代抗議擴大及企業受壓。
- 公司聲明：直接引述 Amazon 的主張，使用 stronger regulations、ethical use、Congress 等對應概念。
- 暫停期間的安排：以 the one-year pause 指回暫停措施，並補上公司仍會協助警方偵測人口販賣等犯罪，避免讀者誤以為 Amazon 全面撤回技術。
參考譯文與標題
Amazon Pauses Police Use of Facial Recognition for One Year
Technology giant Amazon has announced a one-year moratorium on police use of its facial-recognition software. The decision comes amid concerns from civil-rights advocates that surveillance technology may be racially biased. Earlier this week, International Business Machines (IBM) also said it would stop providin
第 三 題30 分
Translate the following expressions from English into Chinese or from Chinese into English, and explain briefly what they mean in English.（每小題 6 分，共 30 分）
(一) Rohingya refugee
(二) boycott
(三) quarantine
(四) 振興三倍券
(五) 新南向政策
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核心觀念
本題測驗新聞英文常見的政治、社會與公共衛生詞彙，並要求中英互譯及以英文簡要說明詞義。作答時須兼顧譯詞準確、語境適切、定義清楚；若單字有不同詞性或用法，應一併辨明。
解題方法
先判斷詞語所屬領域，再選用符合新聞語境的譯法。英文詞彙需譯成中文並以英文定義；中文政策名稱則譯成英文，並以英文說明其目的與內容。
各題解析
（一）Rohingya refugee
中文翻譯：羅興亞難民
英文解釋：A Rohingya refugee is a member of the Rohingya, a predominantly Muslim ethnic group from Myanmar, who has fled persecution or conflict and sought refuge in another country.
說明：「Rohingya」指羅興亞族；「refugee」指因迫害、衝突等原因逃離原居地並尋求庇護的人。此詞常見於報導緬甸與周邊國家難民議題的新聞。
（二）boycott
中文翻譯：抵制；杯葛
英文解釋：To boycott means to refuse to buy, use, or take part in something as a way of expressing protest or putting pressure on an organization or government.
說明：「boycott」可作動詞，也可作名詞，常指以拒絕購買商品、參與活動或與某方往來的方式表達抗議。臺灣新聞用語以「抵制」較為常見。
（三）quarantine
中文翻譯：隔離；檢疫
英文解釋：Quarantine is the restriction or separation of people who may have been exposed to a contagious disease to prevent it from spreading.
說明：「quarantine」指為防止傳染病擴散，對可能接觸病原的人採取限制活動或分開安置的措施。可作名詞或動詞；「檢疫」著重防疫管制，「隔離」著重人員分開安置，實際譯法須配合上下文。