110 外交特考三等 外交領事人員國際法組 外交實務英文寫作 考古題詳解

核心觀念

本題是外交實務英文寫作，文體為投書（letter to the editor / opinion piece）。重點不是逐條分析投資協定，而是從兩項協定更新案例出發，提出一項區域政策主張：東南亞國家應儘速協商更新彼此的投資保障協定，讓協定內容跟上當代投資環境與爭端處理需求。

投資保障協定（investment protection agreement）通常透過雙邊承諾，為投資人及其投資提供保障，也可能建立投資爭端處理機制。舊協定若未及時更新，保障範圍、程序與規範可能無法充分回應新的投資型態與監管需求。寫作時宜提出具體更新方向，例如公平待遇、徵收補償、資金移轉、資訊透明、投資人與政府爭端處理，以及政府維護公共利益的政策空間。

本題不涉及國內法條或計算公式，因此沒有須依民國 110 年法規版本判斷的法條問題。作答應以題目提供的協定沿革為出發點，並避免把投書寫成協定條文摘要。

解題方法

可依「案例引入—共同問題—更新方向—區域呼籲—合作結語」組織文章：

1. **案例引入：**以臺菲協定更新，以及臺越新協定生效取代舊協定為例，說明更新協定是可行的制度作法。
2. **提出共同問題：**指出區域投資環境持續變化，舊協定可能不足以處理新型投資與爭端。
3. **說明更新方向：**列出可供協商的議題，並兼顧投資人保障與政府正當監管權。
4. **呼籲行動：**邀請區域國家儘速展開協商，並以透明、務實、互惠的方式推進。
5. **以合作願景收尾：**連結協定更新與區域投資信心、經濟合作及永續發展。

投書的語氣要堅定而尊重，以具體理由支撐呼籲；避免只說「應該更新」，卻沒有交代更新的必要性與方向。

參考投書

Modernizing Investment Agreements for a More Resilient Southeast Asia

To the Editor:

Southeast Asia has worked hard to attract investment and deepen economic ties. To sustain that progress, the rules protecting cross-border investment must keep pace with changes in business, technology and public policy.

Taiwan’s experience with the Philippines and Viet Nam offers a useful example. The investment guarantee agreement between Taiwan and the Philippines, signed and brought into force in 1992, was superseded by a new Investment Protection and Promotion Agreement in 2018. Taiwan and Viet Nam also replaced their 1992 investment promotion and protection agreement with a second-generation agreement, which took effect in 2020. These updates show that investment agreements can be renewed to address the needs of a changing investment environment.

Many agreements in the region were concluded decades ago. Since then, cross-border business has evolved, supply chains have become more interconnected, and governments face new challenges in area

核心觀念

本題考查聯合國國際法院（International Court of Justice, ICJ）的沿革、職權，以及中華民國（臺灣）與該院的制度關係。作答時須分清兩項職能：一是處理國家間爭端的訴訟管轄權；二是應聯合國授權機關或專門機構請求提出諮詢意見。另須指出，國際法院不是個人或民間團體可以直接起訴的法院，國家也不會僅因是聯合國會員，就自動接受法院對所有爭端的管轄。

解題方法

建議依「歷史背景—組織與功能—臺灣的關係」三段鋪陳，英文約 500 字。歷史段交代國際常設法院與國際法院的承繼關係，以及法院在《聯合國憲章》與《國際法院規約》下的地位；功能段分述爭端裁判與諮詢意見；臺灣段則從聯合國會員身分、參與規約的資格及個案管轄同意等層面，說明實際限制與法律原則。

作答時應區別「法院是聯合國主要司法機關」與「法院對任何國家都有普遍管轄權」：前者正確，後者錯誤。國際法院的訴訟當事人限於國家；個案管轄權須有相應的國家同意基礎，例如特別協議、條約管轄條款或任擇條款聲明。

參考英文答案

The International Court of Justice: Background, Functions, and Taiwan

Historical Background

The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations. Its institutional predecessor was the Permanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ), established under the League of Nations system in 1922. After the Second World War, the United Nations Charter provided for a new court, and the ICJ began its work in 1946. The Statute of the ICJ forms an integral part of the UN Charter. The Court is seated in The Hague, the Netherlands, and consists of fifteen judges elected by the UN General Assembly and Security Council for nine-year terms. No two judges may be nationals of the same state.

Functions

The ICJ has two principal functions. First, it decides contentious cases between states. Individuals, companies, and non-governmental organizations cannot bring cases before it. A state’s membership in the United Nations does not, by itself, give the Court jurisdiction over every dispute involving that state. Jurisdiction in a particular case depends on the consent of the states concerned, which may be expressed through a special agreement, a compromissory clause in a treaty, or declarations accepting the Court’s compulsory jurisdiction under Article 36(2) of the Statute. Judgments are binding on the parties to the case. Under Article 94 of the UN Charter, each UN member undertakes to comply with the

核心觀念

本題考查外交部英文新聞稿的撰寫能力：能否在重大政治事件與天然災害交疊時，準確傳達我國立場，兼顧人道關懷、雙邊關係與對海地國內政治穩定的支持。新聞稿不是逐句翻譯題幹，而是要以官方口吻交代事件、表達慰問、說明援助，並提出審慎而明確的外交呼籲。

題幹所述事件發生於 2021 年：海地總統摩依士於 7 月遇刺；8 月 14 日，海地發生規模 7.2 地震，造成重大傷亡；隨後熱帶風暴 Grace 帶來強降雨，增加救災難度。英文宜稱 Tropical Storm Grace，不宜籠統寫成強烈颶風。災情數字須以題目提供的「逾千人死亡」為準，避免自行增加未經題目確認的細節。

解題方法

採用「標題—事件背景—慰問—援助—外交立場—結語」的新聞稿架構：

1. 標題點出我國對海地危機的回應。
2. 背景簡潔串連總統遇刺、地震與風暴，說明海地面臨的多重危機。
3. 慰問代表我國政府與人民，向罹難者家屬及受災者致意。
4. 援助表明人道協助與後續支持；援助金額或物資等具體資訊，應有事實依據。以下範文採用當時我國宣布捐助 50 萬美元賑災的資訊。
5. 外交立場支持海地人民恢復生活、救災與重建，並以審慎措辭呼籲維護穩定、尊重法治及憲政程序，不介入海地內政。

英文新聞稿範文

Taiwan Expresses Solidarity with Haiti and Pledges Humanitarian Assistance

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of China (Taiwan) extends its deepest condolences to the people and government of the Republic of Haiti following the tragic events that have struck the country. Taiwan mourns the death of President Jovenel Moïse, who was assassinated in July, and expresses its sympathy to all Haitians affected by the devastating earthquake and subsequent storm.

On August 14, a powerful earthquake struck southwestern Haiti, claiming more than 1,000 lives and causing extensive damage to homes, public facilities, and essential infrastructure. Tropical Storm Grace brought heavy rain soon afterward, complicating rescue and relief operations. The Government of Haiti has declared a state of emergency as the country confronts urgent humanitarian needs amid an already difficult political

核心觀念

本題是外交英文寫作與危機溝通，不是要求逐句反駁報導，也不是一般產業介紹。作答重點在於以冷靜、可信、可供駐外館處對外說明的方式，回應外界對臺灣半導體供應穩定性的疑慮，維護國家形象與國際信心。

說明要點應兼顧三件事：承認疫情帶來的挑戰、交代臺灣供應半導體的能力與重要性、傳達政府及產業維持供應的努力。外交溝通須避免誇大保證、情緒化指責媒體，或把複雜的全球供應鏈問題簡化成單一原因。

本題沒有選項，也不涉及法條或計算；題目指定的發送對象是駐外館處，因此答案宜採用精煉的英文說明要點，方便館處依當地情況對外說明。

解題方法

先抓住題幹提出的兩個訊息：全球晶片短缺與供應鏈瓶頸，以及臺灣正面臨疫情升溫。接著以「事實—回應—信心」安排內容：

1. 交代脈絡：晶片短缺源自全球供需與供應鏈壓力，疫情使情況更加複雜。
2. 釐清臺灣的角色：臺灣是全球半導體供應鏈的重要一環，持續供應對全球科技與其他產業具有影響。
3. 回應疫情疑慮：說明政府與產業正採取措施維持必要營運及供應鏈韌性，不宣稱完全不受疫情影響。
4. 傳達合作立場：強調持續與國際夥伴溝通、合作處理供應鏈挑戰，並以透明資訊維持信任。

英文說明要點範例

Taiwan’s Role in the Global Semiconductor Supply Chain

• Taiwan is a key participant in the global semiconductor supply chain. Semiconductors are essential to a wide range of products, including automobiles, computers and other electronic devices.
• The current chip shortage is a global challenge involving supply-chain bottlenecks and increased demand. It cannot be attributed to a single country or a single cause.

Maintaining Stable Operations Amid the Pandemic

• Taiwan recognizes that the pandemic has created challenges for public health and economic activity. The authorities and industry are taking appropriate measures to protect workers while maintaining essential operations.