109 外交特考三等 外交領事人員英文組 外國文(含新聞書信撰寫與編譯)(英文) 考古題詳解
第 一、英譯中 題15 分
Europe has a rising autocratic movement that the continent’s leaders have no clear strategy for confronting. The pandemic has strengthened the most autocratic EU governments in Hungary and Poland. Other countries have put a higher priority on fighting the virus and helping the economy than trying to stop the erosion of democracy.
Hungary’s governing party, led by Prime Minister Viktor Orban, has undermined democracy by changing election rules, packing the courts with allies and insisting on uncritical media coverage. Orban has used the virus as an excuse to centralize authority even further. Poland’s governing party, led by Jaroslaw Kaczynski, has taken a similar approach, mostly by neutralizing the judicial system.
When the EU expanded to include Hungary, Poland and six other countries in 2004, the bloc’s leaders made the mistake of assuming that Eastern and Central Europe were on a one-way path to democracy and the rule of law. As a result, the EU did not create an easy process for punishing countries that move away from democracy.
There are no easy answers here. Allowing autocracy to flourish may encourage its rise in other countries. But confronting it risks pulling the EU apart.
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核心觀念
本題為外交領事人員特考《外國文（含新聞書信撰寫與編譯）》典型之「國際政治與地緣戰略新聞編譯」題型，旨在評量考生在外交與公共政策情境下的專業英譯中能力。
- 專業政治與法律概念的精準對譯：
- 「法院填塞」（Court-packing / packing the courts）：指執政者藉由擴增法官員額或任命政治親信控制各級法院。
- 「司法制衡機能之癱瘓」（Neutralizing the judicial system）：動詞
neutralize在政治語境中意為「削弱制衡力道、使功能失效或癱瘓」，切忌望文生義誤譯為「使之中立」。 - 「民主倒退與法治侵蝕」（Democratic backsliding & Erosion of the rule of law）：當代歐洲政治核心議題，指透過合法程序逐步破壞憲政制衡。
- 歐盟制度與地緣擴張史實之理解：
- 2004 年歐盟東擴（EU Enlargement）：涵蓋中東歐十國（包含匈牙利、波蘭等），當時歐洲各國普遍存在「轉型正義與民主法治化單向發展且不可逆」之樂觀假設。
- 懲處機制（Process for punishing）：指《歐洲聯盟條約》第 7 條（Article 7 of the Treaty on European Union）所規範的制裁機制。因該機制在認定成員國嚴重侵害歐盟價值時，於歐洲理事會需「全體一致決」（unanimity），導致波匈兩國得互相行使否決權護航，形成實務上難以啟動懲罰的結構性死結（註：以命題當年民國 109 年為準，歐盟於該年底始建立「法治條件機制」Rule of Law Conditionality，但本題評析仍以當時之體制困境為核心）。
- 新聞編譯之語體轉換（Register Shift）：
- 擺脫英文語法結構之「歐化中文」（如過多被動語態、冗贅的連接詞、代名詞堆疊），轉化為符合台灣外交文書與主流政論媒體之繁體中文嚴謹筆調。
解題方法
翻譯策略採用「句法結構拆解」搭配「意譯潤飾（Sense-for-sense translation）」，依段落順序處理如下：
第一段：破題與總體局勢
- 原文結構：第一句為複合句，主句為 "Europe has a rising autocratic movement"，後接關係代名詞子句 "that the continent’s leaders have no clear strategy for confronting"。第二句指出匈、波疫情期間的權力擴張；第三句對比其他成員國的施政優先順序。
- 轉譯切入點：
- "rising autocratic movement" 不宜死譯為「正在上升的專制運動」，轉化為「專制（威權）勢力抬頭」或「專制風潮興起」。
- "no clear strategy for confronting" 轉化為中文動賓結構「尚無明確的應對方針」。
- "put a higher priority on A than B" 譯為「相較於……，更優先專注於……」，重組為平衡的對仗句型。
第二段：案例深究（匈牙利與波蘭）
- 原文結構：聚焦於奧班（Viktor Orbán）與卡欽斯基（Jarosław Kaczyński）之具體作為。
- 轉譯切入點：
- "packing the courts with allies"：介系詞片語
with allies修飾動名詞packing，譯為「在各級法院安插親信」。 - "insisting on uncritical media coverage"：避免譯成「堅持沒有批評的媒體報導」，應轉換為動態敘述「要求媒體只能正面報導（壓制批判性新聞輿論）」。
- "used the virus as an excuse to centralize authority even further"：動詞片語靈活轉譯為「藉由抗疫之名，行進一步集權之實」。
- "neutralizing the judicial system"：動詞
neutralize取其「去功能化、使繳械、癱瘓」之義，譯為「閹割司法體系獨立性」或「癱瘓司法系統的制衡功能」。
第三段：歷史盲點與制度缺憾
- 原文結構：以時間副詞子句帶出 2004 年東擴背景，點出假設錯誤（"made the mistake of assuming"），最後以結果連接詞 "As a result" 點出制度漏洞。
- 轉譯切入點：
- "the bloc’s leaders"：
the bloc指歐盟整體，譯為「歐盟領袖」。
第 二、中譯英 題15 分
氣候變遷和全球暖化正在增加野火的可能性和強度。除了世界發達地區的生命、房屋和動物蒙受立即損失之外，其它地區的野火規模擴大也可能產生嚴重影響。窮人經常受到全球暖化的沉重打擊，他們往往更加依賴自然資源，尤其是在發展中國家，許多人的生計都依賴完整的森林資源，而範圍較大的野火可能造成災難性的後果。
野火產生的煙霧會造成空氣污染，導致湖泊酸化。當野火蔓延到城市或其周邊地區時，它們會損壞電力線路、行動通訊基地台和房屋等基礎設施。野火除了使人們直接遭受苦難之外，也會造成不得不逃離的人們無家可歸，承受壓力和痛苦。然而人們奢華的生活方式、對自然資源的非永續性消耗，以及相關的污染，加劇了全球暖化，使得野火更加頻繁發生。
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核心觀念
本題出自民國 109 年外交特考三等（外交領事人員英文組）《外國文》之中譯英試題，主題屬於當代國際外交與全球治理核心議題——「氣候變遷、環境正義與災害脆弱性」。本科目的評分核心在於**高階政策與新聞英語語體（Register）**的精準度、篇章連貫性（Cohesion）與句法重構能力（Syntactic Restructuring）。
考生必須掌握以下三大命題核心觀念：
- 中英思維轉換與句式聚合：中文多「意合」（Parataxis），常以逗號連結多個短句；英文重「形合」（Hypotaxis），必須辨別主句與從屬句，適當運用關係子句、分詞構句（Participle clauses）及介系詞片語，將碎裂語意組裝為層次分明、邏輯嚴密的複合句。
- 高階政策與環境領域精準詞彙（Collocations）：避免口語或字面逐字中翻英（Chinglish）。例如「受到沉重打擊」應運用地道片語 bear the brunt of；「非永續性消耗」應使用 unsustainable consumption；「完整的森林資源」之「完整」宜譯為生態學語境的 intact。
- 專有名詞規範性：科技與基建名詞如「行動通訊基地台」（cellular base stations / mobile phone towers）、「湖泊酸化」（lake acidification / acidification of lakes）必須合乎國際專業公報慣用法。
解題方法
本題採「語意切塊 邏輯重組 高階選詞 句法修飾」四步驟推進：
第一段逐句拆解與重構
- 句 1：「氣候變遷和全球暖化正在增加野火的可能性和強度。」
- 主幹：Climate change and global warming are increasing the likelihood and intensity of wildfires.
- 分析：「可能性和強度」精準對應 likelihood/probability and intensity；時態採現在進行式表達持續發生的趨勢。
- 句 2：「除了世界發達地區的生命、房屋和動物蒙受立即損失之外，其它地區的野火規模擴大也可能產生嚴重影響。」
- 主幹：Beyond / In addition to..., the expanding scale of wildfires in other regions could also have severe consequences.
- 修飾整合：將「生命、房屋和動物蒙受立即損失」名詞化為介系詞受詞 the immediate loss of life, homes [property], and animals；「其它地區的野火規模擴大」以動名詞或抽象名詞片語處理為 the expanding scale / growing reach of wildfires elsewhere。
- 句 3：「窮人經常受到全球暖化的沉重打擊，他們往往更加依賴自然資源，尤其是在發展中國家，許多人的生計都依賴完整的森林資源，而範圍較大的野火可能造成災難性的後果。」
- 切分與重組：此句包含四個中式子句，若全部用逗號與 and 連接會顯得結構鬆散。應拆分為兩大邏輯層次：
- 「窮人受創」作為主句，後接原因副詞子句：「窮人經常受到全球暖化的沉重打擊，因為他們往往更加依賴自然資源」（The poor often bear the brunt of global warming, as they tend to rely more heavily on natural resources.）。
- 「發展中國家生計與野火風險」獨立為從屬修飾句：「尤其是在發展中國家，由於許多人生計仰賴完整的森林資源，更大規模的野火恐造成災難性後果」（Particularly in developing nations, where many depend on intact forest resources for their livelihoods, larger-scale wildfires can have catastrophic consequences.）。
第二段逐句拆解與重構
- 句 1：「野火產生的煙霧會造成空氣污染，導致湖泊酸化。」
- 主幹與因果鏈：煙霧（Smoke from wildfires）造成空污（causes air pollution），後果用現在分詞伴隨狀語或對等動詞帶出（leading to the acidification of lakes 或 and acidifies lakes）。
- 句 2：「當野火蔓延到城市或其周邊地區時，它們會損壞電力線路、行動通訊基地台和房屋等基礎設施。」
- 主幹：When wildfires spread to urban or peri-urban areas, they damage infrastructure such as power lines, cellular base stations, and homes.
- 選詞重點：「周邊地區」可用 surrounding areas 或 peripheries；「行動通訊基地台」標準譯法為 cellular base stations 或 cell towers。
第 三、英文短文寫作 題45 分
This week’s pandemic deal in Brussels foresees the EU’s first jointly issued bonds. This debt will finance what’s in effect an insurance mechanism to help the member states worst hit by the COVID-19, such as Italy and Spain, thus proving European “solidarity.” But the EU’s many skeptics have long argued that Europe always does too little, too late. Whether it’s the euro crisis or the refugee chaos of the past decade, or indeed the coronavirus recession now, the EU never quite rises to the challenge.
These two competing narratives frame a central debate about the EU’s future. Bruegel, a Brussels think tank, caricatures them as 1) the bloc is being “hardened by adversity,” leading to perpetual integration, versus 2) the “sky is falling” for the EU, which causes its disintegration.
Please write an essay of no more than 350 words to comment on the passage above. Support your position and discourse with reasoning and/or examples from readings, studies, experience, or observations.
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核心觀念
本題為民國 109 年（2020 年）外交領事人員特考「外國文（英文短文寫作）」考題，核心測驗考生對歐洲整合體系（European Integration）、國際政治經濟學（IPE）以及重大國際時事的論述能力，結合論說文寫作技巧與專業外交語彙的運用。命題時空背景為 2020 年 7 月歐盟布魯塞爾特別高峰會通過 7,500 億歐元的「下一代歐盟」（NextGenerationEU, NGEU）復興基金計畫，首度打破財政禁忌，由歐盟執委會代表全體成員國在國際市場聯合發債（jointly issued bonds）。
本題涉及的核心學理觀念如下：
- 新功能主義與危機溢出效應（Neo-functionalism & Crisis-driven Integration）：歐盟奠基人尚·莫內（Jean Monnet）的名言：「歐洲將在危機中鍛造而成，且是由為應對這些危機所採取的解決方案總和而成」（"Europe will be forged in crises, and will be the sum of the solutions adopted for those crises."）。危機往往暴露既有體制缺陷，進而倒逼成員國讓渡更多主權，形成「棘輪效應」（Ratchet Effect）。
- 歐洲懷疑論與離心力（Euroscepticism & Disintegration）：跨政府主義極限論指出，歐盟成員國主權自利、南北歐財政文化分歧（如節儉四國 vs. 南歐重災國），導致危機初期常呈現「做太少、太慢」（too little, too late）的決策癱瘓，恐加劇離心解體。
- 財政聯盟（Fiscal Union）與債務共同化（Debt Mutualization）：歐洲單一貨幣（歐元）自始缺乏統一財政政策支持，聯合發債是邁向實質財政聯盟的歷史性突破。
解題方法
本題題型為引導式評論短文（Prompt-based Evaluative Essay），寫作限制為「不超過 350 字」（no more than 350 words）。高分作文的關鍵在於「立論鮮明、結構嚴謹、精準引用政治實例與理論，字數嚴格控制在 280 至 320 字之間」。
寫作架構採用經典的四段式論述：
- 第一段：破題與立場確立（Introduction & Thesis Statement）
- 點出 2020 年歐盟歷史性聯合發債的指標意義。
- 引入布魯塞爾智庫 Bruegel 提出的兩大對立論述（經逆境淬鍊 vs. 大難臨頭解體）。
- 表明立場（Thesis）：歐盟本質上是「經受逆境淬鍊」的危機驅動體；表面上的拖延遲緩實為超國家多邊民主協商的必經之惡，最終仍會走向制度深化。
- 第二段：駁斥解體論並以 2020 聯合發債證成整合（Body Paragraph 1: Crisis as Catalyst）
- 承認批評者「做太少、太慢」的論點（如歐債危機、難民危機及疫情初期各自封閉邊境之摩擦）。
- 引用莫內的危機理論：當存亡威脅使維持現狀成為不可能，成員國即會打破政治紅線。
- 舉例：NextGenerationEU 計畫跨越德國與「節儉四國」（Frugal Four）的長期禁忌，以共同債務發放無償補助，奠定財政聯盟雛型。
- 第三段：解體成本與制度韌性（Body Paragraph 2: Systemic Resilience & Institutional Ratchet）
- 從反面論證：解體代價極其高昂。英國脫歐（Brexit）未引發骨牌效應，反倒發揮警惕效果，強化了歐陸國家的凝聚力。
- 歐盟的發展軌跡並非線性速成，而是在每一次危機衝擊後，透過妥協向上拉升超國家治理職能（incremental ratchet of supranational competence）。
- 第四段：結論（Conclusion）
- 總結全文：歐盟既非脆弱的空中樓閣，亦非單一制聯邦，而是一個透過危機逐步收斂的實用主義共同體。
- 呼應題旨：逆境非但不會導致解體，反而是淬鍊歐洲團結與深化整合不可或缺的催化劑。
選項分析（題意雙重論述剖析）
本題為寫作論述題，非單選選擇題。題目引述智庫 Bruegel 將歐盟未來的爭論歸納為兩大對立論述（Narratives），考生在作答時必須對這兩條路徑進行深入的比較與辨析：
- 論述一：「經逆境淬鍊，走向永久整合」（Hardened by adversity, leading to perpetual integration）
- 論點內涵：源於莫內學派與功能主義。主張危機是歐洲推進一體化的唯一引擎。每當成員國意識到個別國家能力無法應對跨國災難（如疫情、金融海嘯）時，最終妥協方案必然是賦予布魯塞爾更多權限與工具。
- 分析與評價：這是被歐盟歷史反覆驗證的發展規律。2020 年歐盟聯合發債即為最佳範例，證明危機確實將原本政治上不可能的政策轉化為制度現實。因此，本論述應作為考生論說文的核心立論主軸。
- 論述二：「大難臨頭，導致崩解」（The sky is falling, causing disintegration）
- 論點內涵：源於歐洲懷疑論與現實主義主權論。指責歐盟機制的官僚主義、繁複共識決與國家利益分歧，每逢危機必然「做太少、太慢」，導致重災國（如義大利、西班牙）民眾對布魯塞爾幻滅，進而引發反歐盟極右民粹勢力抬頭與離心解體。
- 分析與評價：該論述精準指出了歐盟決策的「現實摩擦」（frictions）與民主赤字，但其盲點在於「低估了單一市場與超國家體制的共生黏著度」，以及「高估了解體的可行性」。英國脫歐帶來的政治動盪與經濟代價，反而使其他成員國不再輕易主張脫歐。在寫作時，應將此論述作為讓步段落（Concession），先承認其描述的拖延表象，隨後立即加以反駁。
解題技巧
- 嚴格控制字數（Word Count Management）：
- 題目明定「no more than 350 words」，超過 350 字將被閱卷委員扣分。
- 理想字數應落在 280 至 320 字，既能完整展開「起、承、轉、合」，又能留出檢查拼字與文法的彈性空間。
- 善用外交與國際關係高階語彙（High-level Lexical Resource）：
- 避免使用平庸的中學單字（如 good, bad, many problems, help each other）。
- 大量精準使用外交公職專業詞彙：epitomize（象徵）、supranational democracy（超國家民主體制）、mutualized debt（共同化債務）、fiscal union（財政聯盟）、redline（紅線）、cautionary tale（告誡警世之例）、ratchet up（逐步拉升）、pragmatic convergence（務實收斂）。
- 邏輯轉折與銜接（Coherence and Cohesion）：
- 採用嚴謹的論理連接詞：While skeptics routinely invoke..., However, doom-mongering overlooks..., Furthermore, disintegration remains..., In conclusion...，展現外交文獻的冷靜、客觀與思辨深度。
【答案】
參考範文（Model Essay）
The European Union’s historic agreement on jointly issued debt during the COVID-19 pandemic epitomizes its defining existential dynamic: integration propelled by crisis. While skeptics routinely invoke the "sky is fall
第 1 題1 分
The reason for job losses in the developed countries is generally labor-saving ____ instead of job moving abroad as accused by the labor union.
核心觀念
本題考單字辨義與搭配。句意是：已開發國家的失業，通常是由「節省勞力的＿＿」造成，而不是如工會所指控的工作移往海外。
關鍵搭配是 labor-saving efficiencies，指提高效率、節省人力的作法或技術。句中的 instead of 對比兩種失業原因：一種是提升效率、減少所需人力；另一種是將工作移往海外。
解題方法
先看 labor-saving（節省勞力的）修飾什麼，再比對各選項的詞義。空格應填入能表示「效率提升」的名詞，且能與 labor-saving 自然搭配。
選項分析
- (A) efficiencies：效率提升；labor-saving efficiencies 可指節省人力、提高效率的措施或技術，符合句意，正確。
第 2 題1 分
Following the football game, the police had to ____ the rioting hooligans using a cloud of tear gas.
核心觀念
本題考單字辨義與語境搭配。句意是「足球賽後，警方必須用催淚瓦斯驅散鬧事的足球流氓」。句中的 using a cloud of tear gas（使用一團催淚瓦斯）提示警方要讓聚集的人群散開。
解題方法
先看空格前後的語意：警方使用催淚瓦斯，目的是使鬧事者散開。表示「驅散、使散開」的動詞是 disperse，因此選（B）。
選項分析
- (A) defect：通常作名詞，指「缺點、瑕疵」；作動詞時指「脫離原有組織或陣營、變節」，不表示驅散人群。
- (B) disperse：動詞，指「使散開、驅散」。
第 3 題1 分
When visiting certain foreign countries, one should find out what diseases are ____ to the region.
核心觀念
本題考辨形容詞的詞義與搭配。句意是「前往某些外國時，應先了解哪些疾病在該地區流行或地方性存在」。形容疾病在特定地區長期、固定存在，常用 endemic to。
解題方法
先看句意與搭配：空格後是 to the region，描述疾病與某地區的關係。能表達「疾病在某地區地方性流行」的詞是 endemic，因此句子意為：前往某些外國時，應先了解哪些疾病是該地區的地方性疾病。
選項分析
- (A) endemic：正確。 意為「地方性的；某地區特有或持續流行的」。常見搭配為 a disease endemic to a region，即「某地區的地方性疾病」。
第 4 題1 分
Working on assigned projects helps students to ____ and retain knowledge gained in the classroom.
核心觀念
本題考單字語意與搭配。句意是：「完成指定的專案有助於學生＿＿並保留在課堂上學到的知識。」空格需要填入能表達「鞏固、加強」知識的動詞。
解題方法
先看空格後面的 and retain knowledge。「retain knowledge」是「保留知識」，與前面的動詞共同描述完成專案對學生學習的幫助。最合適的搭配是 reinforce and retain knowledge，意為「鞏固並保留知識」。
選項分析
第 5 題1 分
It is quite ____, sticky, and sweaty in Taiwan for most of the summer, so you should wear something light and airy.
核心觀念
本題考形容詞的語意辨析，重點是依句中描述的天氣特徵選出最貼切的字。sticky（黏膩的）和 sweaty（使人流汗的）都在描寫夏季炎熱潮濕的體感，因此空格應填表示「悶熱潮濕」的形容詞。
解題方法
先看後面的線索：臺灣夏季大多時候 sticky, and sweaty，所以應找與黏膩、流汗的感受相呼應，且能形容天氣的字。muggy 指「悶熱而潮濕的」，與句意吻合。
選項分析
第 6 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
Fear is in fact a major component of the act of parenting. No one is more ____ to an expert’s fearmongering than a parent. A parent, after all, is the steward of another creature’s life, a creature who ____ is more helpless than the newborn of nearly any other species. This leads a lot of parents to spend a lot of their parenting energy simply being scared. The problem is that they are often scared of the wrong things. It’s not their fault, really. Separating facts from rumors is always hard work, ____ for a busy parent. And the white noise generated by the experts—____ the pressure exerted by fellow parents—is so overwhelming that they can barely think for themselves. The facts that they do manage to glean have usually been varnished or exaggerated or ____ taken out of context to serve an agenda that isn’t their own.
No one is more ____ to an expert’s fearmongering than a parent.
核心觀念
本題考形容詞的語意與慣用搭配。句型是 be + 形容詞 + to + 名詞；空格形容詞要表達「父母容易受到專家恐懼訴求影響」，因此應選表示「易受……影響」的 susceptible。
解題方法
先從上下文判斷語意。段落指出，父母負責照顧脆弱的新生兒，因此容易因專家製造的恐懼而擔心；後文也提到專家與其他父母帶來的資訊和壓力，使父母難以獨立思考。空格要表達的是「容易受影響」，而不是「懷疑」或「適合」。
搭配上，be susceptible to + 名詞 表示「易受……影響／容易受到……侵襲」，符合 an expert’s fearmongering（專家煽動恐懼的言論）。
選項分析
- (A) allergic：意為「過敏的；厭惡的」。常見搭配如 be allergic to pollen（對花粉過敏）或比喻用法 be allergic to change（排斥改變）。放入句中會變成父母「對專家的恐嚇論過敏或厭惡」，不符合上下文所說的容易受其影響。
第 7 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
Fear is in fact a major component of the act of parenting. No one is more ____ to an expert’s fearmongering than a parent. A parent, after all, is the steward of another creature’s life, a creature who ____ is more helpless than the newborn of nearly any other species. This leads a lot of parents to spend a lot of their parenting energy simply being scared. The problem is that they are often scared of the wrong things. It’s not their fault, really. Separating facts from rumors is always hard work, ____ for a busy parent. And the white noise generated by the experts—____ the pressure exerted by fellow parents—is so overwhelming that they can barely think for themselves. The facts that they do manage to glean have usually been varnished or exaggerated or ____ taken out of context to serve an agenda that isn’t their own.
A parent, after all, is the steward of another creature’s life, a creature who ____ is more helpless than the newborn of nearly any other species.
核心觀念
本題考查副詞片語的語意與句意搭配。空格前的關係代名詞 who 指前面的 another creature，空格後的 is more helpless 描述這個生命在何種情況下比其他物種的新生兒更無助。全句需要一個表示「在一開始、初生時」的時間片語。
解題方法
先看比較結構 more helpless than the newborn of nearly any other species：作者要說的是，人類嬰兒在生命初期，比幾乎所有其他物種的新生兒都更無助。選項中，只有 in the beginning 能表達「起初、在一開始」，可修飾 is more helpless。
句意為：「畢竟，父母是另一個生命的守護者，而這個生命在初生時，比幾乎所有其他物種的新生兒都更無助。」
選項分析
第 8 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
Fear is in fact a major component of the act of parenting. No one is more ____ to an expert’s fearmongering than a parent. A parent, after all, is the steward of another creature’s life, a creature who ____ is more helpless than the newborn of nearly any other species. This leads a lot of parents to spend a lot of their parenting energy simply being scared. The problem is that they are often scared of the wrong things. It’s not their fault, really. Separating facts from rumors is always hard work, ____ for a busy parent. And the white noise generated by the experts—____ the pressure exerted by fellow parents—is so overwhelming that they can barely think for themselves. The facts that they do manage to glean have usually been varnished or exaggerated or ____ taken out of context to serve an agenda that isn’t their own.
Separating facts from rumors is always hard work, ____ for a busy parent.
核心觀念
本題考副詞的語意與句意銜接。句子先說「把事實和謠言分開一向很費工夫」，空格後的 for a busy parent 指出對象是忙碌的父母；空格需要補上「尤其對……而言」，強調這件事對忙碌父母特別不容易。
解題方法
先辨認空格所在句子的語意關係：前半句提出一般性的困難，後半句補充這項困難對忙碌父母而言更為明顯。因此應選表示「尤其、特別是」的副詞 especially。
填入後為：
Separating facts from rumors is always hard work, especially for a busy parent. 將事實與謠言分辨開來一向很費工夫，對忙碌的父母尤其如此。
選項分析
第 9 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
Fear is in fact a major component of the act of parenting. No one is more ____ to an expert’s fearmongering than a parent. A parent, after all, is the steward of another creature’s life, a creature who ____ is more helpless than the newborn of nearly any other species. This leads a lot of parents to spend a lot of their parenting energy simply being scared. The problem is that they are often scared of the wrong things. It’s not their fault, really. Separating facts from rumors is always hard work, ____ for a busy parent. And the white noise generated by the experts—____ the pressure exerted by fellow parents—is so overwhelming that they can barely think for themselves. The facts that they do manage to glean have usually been varnished or exaggerated or ____ taken out of context to serve an agenda that isn’t their own.
And the white noise generated by the experts—____ the pressure exerted by fellow parents—is so overwhelming that they can barely think for themselves.
核心觀念
本題考「附加補充」的慣用語 to say nothing of，意思是「更不用說……、遑論……」，用來補充一個更進一步或更嚴重的因素。此處句子先提到專家製造的「白噪音」令人難以招架，再補充同儕家長施加的壓力，兩者共同造成父母難以獨立思考。
解題方法
空格前後是：
the white noise generated by the experts—____ the pressure exerted by fellow parents—is so overwhelming
破折號括住補充語；填入 to say nothing of 後，句意為：「專家製造的白噪音——更不用說其他家長施加的壓力——大到令人難以招架。」
文法上，to say nothing of + 名詞 可作插入的補充語；此處接名詞片語 the pressure exerted by fellow parents，結構與語意都吻合。
選項分析
第 10 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
Fear is in fact a major component of the act of parenting. No one is more ____ to an expert’s fearmongering than a parent. A parent, after all, is the steward of another creature’s life, a creature who ____ is more helpless than the newborn of nearly any other species. This leads a lot of parents to spend a lot of their parenting energy simply being scared. The problem is that they are often scared of the wrong things. It’s not their fault, really. Separating facts from rumors is always hard work, ____ for a busy parent. And the white noise generated by the experts—____ the pressure exerted by fellow parents—is so overwhelming that they can barely think for themselves. The facts that they do manage to glean have usually been varnished or exaggerated or ____ taken out of context to serve an agenda that isn’t their own.
The facts that they do manage to glean have usually been varnished or exaggerated or ____ taken out of context to serve an agenda that isn’t their own.
核心觀念
本題考副詞在句中的語意與搭配。句子列舉事實遭到「修飾、誇大，或被脫離脈絡地引用」的情形；空格要修飾片語 taken out of context，表示「不然的話／以其他方式」被抽離脈絡。
解題方法
先看三個並列的過去分詞：varnished or exaggerated or ____ taken out of context。它們描述專家提供的事實如何被處理。空格應選能自然修飾 taken out of context，並讓三項並列語意通順的副詞。
otherwise 在此表示「以其他方式、另外」，可理解為：事實通常遭到粉飾、誇大，或以其他方式被抽離脈絡，以服務於並非家長自身的目的。
選項分析
- (A) otherworldly：錯誤。 形容詞，意為「超凡的、異世界的」，不能自然修飾 taken out of context，語意也不合。
第 11 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
The small European nation of Luxembourg just made a big investment in a flourishing realm of the space industry: asteroid mining. Private companies and space agencies have been interested in mining asteroids for water and ____ minerals like platinum, which can be used to fuel trips to destinations deeper in space. While no one has successfully mined an asteroid yet, the Luxembourg government plans to ____ this industry through research and development projects. Luxembourg is not the only country to look up to the skies for new places to mine. In 2015, US president Barack Obama signed a law that will let American companies mine space resources. In January, the European Space Agency shared a vision for a research village on the Moon. This would be used as a ____ for mining companies. The US company Deep Space Industries said space resources will allow greater exploration of the solar system without the need to mind resources on Earth. ____, there could be problems ahead for mining companies. The Outer Space Treaty of 1967 says that natural resources in space are part of mankind’s common ____. This means private companies may not be able to mine asteroids.
Private companies and space agencies have been interested in mining asteroids for water and ____ minerals like platinum, which can be used to fuel trips to destinations deeper in space.
核心觀念
本題考英文單字的語意與搭配。句子說，私人公司與太空機構有興趣開採小行星上的水，以及「____ 礦物」，並以白金（platinum）為例。應選能與 minerals 搭配、且符合太空資源語境的形容詞。
解題方法
先看空格後的例子 like platinum。白金是稀有、珍貴的金屬；句意是開採水和稀有礦物，以供前往更遙遠太空目的地的旅程使用。因此，空格應填 rare（稀有的）。
選項分析
第 12 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
The small European nation of Luxembourg just made a big investment in a flourishing realm of the space industry: asteroid mining. Private companies and space agencies have been interested in mining asteroids for water and ____ minerals like platinum, which can be used to fuel trips to destinations deeper in space. While no one has successfully mined an asteroid yet, the Luxembourg government plans to ____ this industry through research and development projects. Luxembourg is not the only country to look up to the skies for new places to mine. In 2015, US president Barack Obama signed a law that will let American companies mine space resources. In January, the European Space Agency shared a vision for a research village on the Moon. This would be used as a ____ for mining companies. The US company Deep Space Industries said space resources will allow greater exploration of the solar system without the need to mind resources on Earth. ____, there could be problems ahead for mining companies. The Outer Space Treaty of 1967 says that natural resources in space are part of mankind’s common ____. This means private companies may not be able to mine asteroids.
While no one has successfully mined an asteroid yet, the Luxembourg government plans to ____ this industry through research and development projects.
核心觀念
本題考英文單字的語意與上下文搭配。空格所在句為：「雖然尚無人成功開採小行星，盧森堡政府仍計畫透過研究與開發計畫，____ 這個產業。」句意是在描述政府將投入資源，促進新興太空採礦產業發展。
解題方法
先抓句中的主詞、受詞與目的：主詞是 the Luxembourg government，受詞是 this industry，後接 through research and development projects，表示政府要透過研發計畫推動產業。選項中，只有 stimulate 能自然表達「刺激、促進、推動」產業發展，且符合此處的語氣與搭配。
選項分析
第 13 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
The small European nation of Luxembourg just made a big investment in a flourishing realm of the space industry: asteroid mining. Private companies and space agencies have been interested in mining asteroids for water and ____ minerals like platinum, which can be used to fuel trips to destinations deeper in space. While no one has successfully mined an asteroid yet, the Luxembourg government plans to ____ this industry through research and development projects. Luxembourg is not the only country to look up to the skies for new places to mine. In 2015, US president Barack Obama signed a law that will let American companies mine space resources. In January, the European Space Agency shared a vision for a research village on the Moon. This would be used as a ____ for mining companies. The US company Deep Space Industries said space resources will allow greater exploration of the solar system without the need to mind resources on Earth. ____, there could be problems ahead for mining companies. The Outer Space Treaty of 1967 says that natural resources in space are part of mankind’s common ____. This means private companies may not be able to mine asteroids.
In January, the European Space Agency shared a vision for a research village on the Moon. This would be used as a ____ for mining companies.
核心觀念
本題考英文單字在上下文中的語意搭配。句子提到歐洲太空總署構想在月球設立研究村，供採礦公司使用；空格應填入表示「基地」或「據點」的名詞。
解題方法
句意為：「這個研究村將被用作採礦公司的＿＿＿。」月球研究村可供採礦公司進駐、研究或作業，因此應選表示「基地、據點」的 base。
選項分析
- (A) base：基地、據點。a base for mining companies 指「採礦公司的基地／據點」，符合研究村的用途，正確。
- (B) phase：階段。
第 14 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
The small European nation of Luxembourg just made a big investment in a flourishing realm of the space industry: asteroid mining. Private companies and space agencies have been interested in mining asteroids for water and ____ minerals like platinum, which can be used to fuel trips to destinations deeper in space. While no one has successfully mined an asteroid yet, the Luxembourg government plans to ____ this industry through research and development projects. Luxembourg is not the only country to look up to the skies for new places to mine. In 2015, US president Barack Obama signed a law that will let American companies mine space resources. In January, the European Space Agency shared a vision for a research village on the Moon. This would be used as a ____ for mining companies. The US company Deep Space Industries said space resources will allow greater exploration of the solar system without the need to mind resources on Earth. ____, there could be problems ahead for mining companies. The Outer Space Treaty of 1967 says that natural resources in space are part of mankind’s common ____. This means private companies may not be able to mine asteroids.
The US company Deep Space Industries said space resources will allow greater exploration of the solar system without the need to mind resources on Earth. ____, there could be problems ahead for mining companies.
核心觀念
本題考「語意邏輯連接詞」：判斷空格前後兩句的關係，再選出能正確表達轉折、因果或補充的連接副詞。
解題方法
前句指出，太空資源有助於擴大人類探索太陽系的範圍；後句則提出太空採礦可能面臨的法律障礙：《外太空條約》將太空自然資源視為全人類共有，私人公司因此可能無法開採。前後句由「優點」轉向「困難」，語意形成轉折，應選表示「然而」的 However。
選項分析
- (A) Therefore：意為「因此」，用來引出前述原因所導致的結果。後句不是前句的結果，而是轉而提出潛在問題，語意不合。
- (B) However：意為「然而」，用來引出與前文方向相反或有所保留的資訊。
第 15 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
The small European nation of Luxembourg just made a big investment in a flourishing realm of the space industry: asteroid mining. Private companies and space agencies have been interested in mining asteroids for water and ____ minerals like platinum, which can be used to fuel trips to destinations deeper in space. While no one has successfully mined an asteroid yet, the Luxembourg government plans to ____ this industry through research and development projects. Luxembourg is not the only country to look up to the skies for new places to mine. In 2015, US president Barack Obama signed a law that will let American companies mine space resources. In January, the European Space Agency shared a vision for a research village on the Moon. This would be used as a ____ for mining companies. The US company Deep Space Industries said space resources will allow greater exploration of the solar system without the need to mind resources on Earth. ____, there could be problems ahead for mining companies. The Outer Space Treaty of 1967 says that natural resources in space are part of mankind’s common ____. This means private companies may not be able to mine asteroids.
The Outer Space Treaty of 1967 says that natural resources in space are part of mankind’s common ____.
核心觀念
本題考單字在上下文中的語意搭配。句中 mankind’s common ____ 意為「全人類共同的＿＿」，需選擇能表達人類共同承襲、共享之事物的名詞。
解題方法
先看句意：1967 年《外太空條約》指出，太空中的自然資源屬於全人類共同的某種事物，因此私人公司可能無法自行開採小行星。能與 common 搭配、表示「共同傳承」的字是 heritage，即「遺產、共同傳承」。
選項分析
- (A) delegate：代表、受委派者，指人，不符合 mankind’s common 後面所需的「共同資產或傳承」概念。
第 16 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
Due to the growing popularity of high-speed internet connections. Wi-Fi, the easiest way to enable several computers to share the same broadband link, was developed years ago. This fast method of wireless data ____ has made the flow of large amounts of information easily available and can be conveniently ____ with no waiting. Due to all the rapid changes in science and technology, it may, however, be replaced in the ____ future by an even faster technology called Li-Fi.
In 2011, Professor Harold Hass at the University of Edinburgh introduced Light Fidelity (Li-Fi) to the public. This advanced technology, which supports multiuser access and enables roaming, uses visible light to transport data. Its lightning speed, which is 100 times faster than the average Wi-Fi, can transfer one gigabyte per second. That is, music, or even movies can be downloaded in just seconds. In addition to its ____ speed, the security of Li-Fi is better than Wi-Fi, which is ____ for aircrafts or hospitals where high security is expected. Li-Fi will no doubt change the way we use and send data.
This fast method of wireless data ____ has made the flow of large amounts of information easily available and can be conveniently ____ with no waiting.
核心觀念
本題考英文近義字辨析，須依句意與常見搭配判斷。句子在描述 Wi-Fi 以無線方式傳送資料，因此空格應填表示「傳輸」的名詞。
解題方法
句意為：「這種快速的無線資料＿＿方式，讓大量資訊得以流通，也能方便地迅速＿＿。」
關鍵搭配是 wireless data transmission，意為「無線資料傳輸」。transmission 常用於資料、訊號、聲音或影像的傳送，與 wireless data 搭配自然，符合上下文。
選項分析
- (A) transaction：指「交易；辦理事項」，常見於商業或金融情境，如 financial transaction（金融交易），不表示資料傳送。
- (B) transition：指「過渡；
第 17 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
Due to the growing popularity of high-speed internet connections. Wi-Fi, the easiest way to enable several computers to share the same broadband link, was developed years ago. This fast method of wireless data ____ has made the flow of large amounts of information easily available and can be conveniently ____ with no waiting. Due to all the rapid changes in science and technology, it may, however, be replaced in the ____ future by an even faster technology called Li-Fi.
In 2011, Professor Harold Hass at the University of Edinburgh introduced Light Fidelity (Li-Fi) to the public. This advanced technology, which supports multiuser access and enables roaming, uses visible light to transport data. Its lightning speed, which is 100 times faster than the average Wi-Fi, can transfer one gigabyte per second. That is, music, or even movies can be downloaded in just seconds. In addition to its ____ speed, the security of Li-Fi is better than Wi-Fi, which is ____ for aircrafts or hospitals where high security is expected. Li-Fi will no doubt change the way we use and send data.
This fast method of wireless data transmission has made the flow of large amounts of information easily available and can be conveniently ____ with no waiting.
核心觀念
本題考「動詞與語意搭配」。空格所在句意為：「這種快速的無線資料傳輸方式，讓大量資訊容易取得，也能方便地＿＿，無須等待。」判斷時要看空格前的副詞 conveniently、後方的 with no waiting，以及整句談論高速資料流通的語境。
解題方法
空格前有助動詞 can be，後接過去分詞，構成被動語態；因此要選能表達「資訊可被取得」的動詞。access 作動詞時意為「取得、存取」，常見搭配是 information can be accessed，也符合「無須等待」的語意。
選項分析
- (A) accessed：正確。 access 意為「存取、取得」，can be conveniently accessed 表示「可以方便地取得／存取
第 18 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
Due to the growing popularity of high-speed internet connections. Wi-Fi, the easiest way to enable several computers to share the same broadband link, was developed years ago. This fast method of wireless data ____ has made the flow of large amounts of information easily available and can be conveniently ____ with no waiting. Due to all the rapid changes in science and technology, it may, however, be replaced in the ____ future by an even faster technology called Li-Fi.
In 2011, Professor Harold Hass at the University of Edinburgh introduced Light Fidelity (Li-Fi) to the public. This advanced technology, which supports multiuser access and enables roaming, uses visible light to transport data. Its lightning speed, which is 100 times faster than the average Wi-Fi, can transfer one gigabyte per second. That is, music, or even movies can be downloaded in just seconds. In addition to its ____ speed, the security of Li-Fi is better than Wi-Fi, which is ____ for aircrafts or hospitals where high security is expected. Li-Fi will no doubt change the way we use and send data.
Due to all the rapid changes in science and technology, it may, however, be replaced in the ____ future by an even faster technology called Li-Fi.
核心觀念
本題考「未來一段時間」的慣用搭配：in the foreseeable future，意為「在可預見的未來」。題幹說 Li-Fi 可能取代 Wi-Fi，因此需要描述這件事可能發生的未來期間。
解題方法
先看空格前後的搭配：句型是 in the ____ future。英文中，foreseeable future 是固定且常見的搭配，表示未來一段可以預見的時間；放回句中，意思是「在可預見的未來，Li-Fi 可能取代 Wi-Fi」，語意通順。
選項分析
- (A) flying：in the flying future 不是自然的英文搭配；flying 常指飛行中的，無法表示「可預見的未來」。
第 19 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
Due to the growing popularity of high-speed internet connections. Wi-Fi, the easiest way to enable several computers to share the same broadband link, was developed years ago. This fast method of wireless data ____ has made the flow of large amounts of information easily available and can be conveniently ____ with no waiting. Due to all the rapid changes in science and technology, it may, however, be replaced in the ____ future by an even faster technology called Li-Fi.
In 2011, Professor Harold Hass at the University of Edinburgh introduced Light Fidelity (Li-Fi) to the public. This advanced technology, which supports multiuser access and enables roaming, uses visible light to transport data. Its lightning speed, which is 100 times faster than the average Wi-Fi, can transfer one gigabyte per second. That is, music, or even movies can be downloaded in just seconds. In addition to its ____ speed, the security of Li-Fi is better than Wi-Fi, which is ____ for aircrafts or hospitals where high security is expected. Li-Fi will no doubt change the way we use and send data.
In addition to its ____ speed, the security of Li-Fi is better than Wi-Fi, which is ____ for aircrafts or hospitals where high security is expected.
核心觀念
本題考查英文形容詞的字義與搭配。句中說 Li-Fi 的速度比 Wi-Fi 快 100 倍，空格後接名詞 speed，應選表示「極快、驚人地快」的形容詞。
解題方法
先看前後文線索：Li-Fi 能以每秒 1 GB 傳輸資料，音樂甚至電影都能在幾秒內下載；因此 speed 必須帶有「非常快」的語意。再比對各選項的常見意思與搭配。
選項分析
- (A) blistering：形容速度極快、驚人的，常見搭配為 blistering speed，即「驚人的速度」。符合 Li-Fi 傳輸速度遠快於 Wi-Fi 的語境，正確。
第 20 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
Due to the growing popularity of high-speed internet connections. Wi-Fi, the easiest way to enable several computers to share the same broadband link, was developed years ago. This fast method of wireless data ____ has made the flow of large amounts of information easily available and can be conveniently ____ with no waiting. Due to all the rapid changes in science and technology, it may, however, be replaced in the ____ future by an even faster technology called Li-Fi.
In 2011, Professor Harold Hass at the University of Edinburgh introduced Light Fidelity (Li-Fi) to the public. This advanced technology, which supports multiuser access and enables roaming, uses visible light to transport data. Its lightning speed, which is 100 times faster than the average Wi-Fi, can transfer one gigabyte per second. That is, music, or even movies can be downloaded in just seconds. In addition to its ____ speed, the security of Li-Fi is better than Wi-Fi, which is ____ for aircrafts or hospitals where high security is expected. Li-Fi will no doubt change the way we use and send data.
The security of Li-Fi is better than Wi-Fi, which is ____ for aircrafts or hospitals where high security is expected.
核心觀念
本題考字彙辨義與固定搭配。空格所在句子的意思是：「Li-Fi 的安全性比 Wi-Fi 好，這對於對安全性要求高的飛機或醫院很有＿＿。」因此應選能表達「有益、適用」的形容詞，且符合 be beneficial for（對……有益／適用）的搭配。
解題方法
先看語意：Li-Fi 的安全性較高，對安全要求高的場域有正面幫助；再看句型 which is ____ for aircrafts or hospitals，空格需要形容詞修飾「適合／有益於這些場所」的意思。四個選項中，只有 beneficial 符合。
選項分析
- (A) benevolent：意為「仁慈的、慈善的」，通常形容人或態度，如 a benevolent person。不適合用來表示某項技術對飛機或醫院有益。