114 高普考高考三級 新聞(選試英文) 包括作文、翻譯與應用文 考古題詳解

核心觀念

本題考查英文段落的整體理解與英譯中，重點在掌握政府行政問題、設置效率部門的作法及其預期效益。翻譯時須注意長句的主詞與修飾關係，並將 institutional inertia、data-driven reforms、service delivery 等詞組依語境譯得自然。

解題方法

先辨認段落脈絡：首句指出政府常見的行政問題；第二句提出設置中央效率部門及其職責；第三句說明透過跨部門協調與人工智慧，改善納稅人經費運用。依此脈絡逐句翻譯，保留「問題—措施—效益」的邏輯。

關鍵詞可譯為：

• institutional inertia：制度僵化或制度惰性。
• fragmented communication：溝通零散、不連貫。
• overlapping responsibilities：職責重疊。
• audit agencies：稽核各機關。
• data-driven reforms：以數據為依據的改革。
• service delivery：公共服務提供。
• taxpayer money：納稅人的錢／納稅人繳納的公帑。

核心觀念

本題考的是中譯英的語意轉換與正式書面語表達，不是逐字翻譯。作答時要掌握原文的因果與轉折關係，並選用自然、精確的新聞與公共行政詞彙。本文的論述脈絡是：波音由正面典範轉為負面象徵，接著說明兩起空難、事故原因、公司文化問題，以及監管獨立性受到質疑。

解題方法

先依語意將長句拆成幾個單位，再用英文的連接詞串接：

1. 「曾是……但近年卻成為……」以 was once …, but in recent years has become … 表達對比。
2. 「分別發生於……共造成……」用 which occurred … and …, and claimed … lives 說明事故時間與傷亡。
3. 「調查指出……更令人震驚的是……」以 Investigations found that …; more troublingly, … 呈現調查結果與遞進語氣。
4. 「犧牲了……」可譯為 at the expense of …，明確表達取捨。
5. 「依賴波音自行認證，引發質疑」以 relied heavily on Boeing’s own certifications, raising serious questions about … 表達原因與後果。

參考譯文

Boeing was once a model of American aerospace engineering, but in recent years it has come to represent the risks of corporate mismanagement and lax oversight. The crisis began with two fatal 737 MAX crashes, one in Indonesia in 2018 and the other in Ethiopia in 2019, which claimed a total of 346 lives. Investigations found that the crashes were primarily caused by a flawed automated flight-control system known as MCAS. More troublingly, Boeing failed to adequately disclose the system’s risks to pilots and regulators. Subsequent investigations revealed that Boeing’s corporate culture placed excessive emphasis on bringing products to market quickly and serving shareholders’ interests, at the expense of engineering quality and safety standards. More seriously, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) relied heavily on Boeing’s own certifications during the aircraft approval process, raising serious questions about whether the regulator had come under industry pressure and lost its independence.

重點用語

• 航空工程：aerospace engineering，比直譯成 aviation engineering 更適合形容波音所代表的航空航太工程領域。
• 典範：a model of，表示值得效法的典範。
• 企業管理失當／監管鬆散：corporate mismanagement / lax oversight。

核心觀念

本題考應用文寫作，重點是依提示撰寫一封正式、得體的英文邀請信，字數須為 120～150 字。內容須交代來信目的、簡述 OpenAI 在韓國的發展情形，說明在臺灣設立辦公室的理由，並提出明確邀請與後續聯繫方式。

解題方法

採用正式商務郵件的基本結構：

1. 主旨與稱呼：點明邀請目的，以正式稱呼開頭。
2. 背景與理由：提及韓國的 ChatGPT 付費用戶規模，以及 OpenAI 因需求成長而在首爾設立辦公室、成立韓國法人。
3. 邀請與效益：邀請 OpenAI 明年在臺灣設立辦公室，並說明臺灣市場與在地服務的發展機會。
4. 結尾與署名：表達期待回覆，以正式結語與寄件人資訊收尾。

以下範例正文約 134 字，符合題目字數要求：

Subject: Invitation to Open an Office in Taiwan

Dear OpenAI Team,

I am writing to invite OpenAI to establish an office in Taiwan next year. According to recent information, South Korea has the second-largest number of paying ChatGPT users after the United States. In response to strong and growing demand, OpenAI plans to open its first office in Seoul and has established a local entity there.

Taiwan also has a vibrant technology sector, a highly educated workforce, and strong interest in AI tools. A local office would help OpenAI better understand users’ needs, provide more timely support, and build closer partnerships with schools, businesses, and public institutions. It could also contribute to responsible AI development and digital innovation across the region.

We would be pleased to discuss how Taiwan can support OpenAI’s plans. I hope you will consider this in

核心觀念

本題是英文議論文寫作，核心在於針對「政府是否應提高退休年齡，以因應人口高齡化造成的經濟壓力」表明立場，並用具體理由與例子支持論點。題目沒有唯一標準答案；評分重點是立場明確、論證切題、段落連貫，並以英文清楚表達。

解題方法

可採「引言表態—分點論證—承認限制並回應—結論重申」的五段式架構。以下範文主張有條件支持提高退休年齡：提高年齡可增加勞動人口與稅收，並減輕退休及醫療制度的財政壓力；但政策應分階段實施，並照顧從事體力工作或健康狀況不佳者。

寫作時，每個理由都應展開成「主張＋因果說明＋例子」，避免只列出 aging population、taxes、pensions 等關鍵字。範文約 300 字，分為五段。

參考範文

A Fairer Retirement Age for an Aging Society

As people live longer and birth rates fall, many countries face a difficult question: how can they support a growing number of retirees with a shrinking workforce? I agree that governments should gradually raise the retirement age, provided that the policy protects people whose health or occupations make longer careers difficult.

First, a higher retirement age can help preserve the balance between workers and retirees. When people leave work later, they continue paying taxes and contributing to pension systems for more years. At the same time, they draw public retirement benefits for a shorter period. For example, if healthy employees remain in the workforce for two additional years, their continued contributions can ease pressure on public pension funds. This does not solve every financial problem, but it can give governments more time to adjust.

Second, extending working lives can help address labor shortages. Older adults often have valuable experience, professional knowledge, an