112 外交特考三等 外交領事人員英文組一 外國文(含新聞書信撰寫與編譯)(英文) 考古題詳解

英譯中：

The first element which differentiates human from animal existence is a negative one: the relative absence in man of instinctive regulation in the process of adaptation to the surrounding world. The mode of adaptation of the animal to its world remains the same throughout. If its instinctive equipment is no longer fit to cope successfully with a changing environment, the species will become extinct. The animal can adapt itself to changing conditions by changing itself. In this fashion, it lives harmoniously, not in the sense of absence of struggle but in the sense that its inherited equipment makes it a fixed and unchanging part of its world; it either fits in or dies out.

中譯英：

左右經營決策的準則無法簡化成一個簡單的公式。傳統上，經濟學家都主張企業的目標是追求最大利潤。可是，這個簡單的主張本身有幾點疑慮。首先，就運作面而言，「利潤」這個概念本身是不清楚的，今天的獲利有可能是以刪減維護費用、拖延投資、剝削員工換來的，也就是以往後數年的獲利為代價。其次，如果管理高層主張獲利至上，可能會在企業價值方面對員工傳遞出負面訊息。

英文寫作：

Write an essay of no more than 350 words to comment on the topic below. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. Support your position and discourse with reasoning and/or examples from readings, studies, experience, or observations.

In a number of countries, some people think it is necessary to spend large sums of money on constructing new railway lines for very fast trains between cities. Others believe the money should be spent on improving existing public transport.

After winning the lottery, the life of this poor woman has turned from ____ to riches.

At the climate summit, for the first time, the delegates decided to ____ for the damage an overheating world is inflicting on poor countries.

The attempt is an implicit ____ to public discontent after mass street protests against the restrictions.

When border tensions ____, India staged a trade war of sorts against China.

Surviving cancer was a painful ____ that taught me the true value of life.

The new CEO implemented several changes that differed significantly from those of her ____.

Even if the cake looked delicious, John did not ____ temptation and ordered something else.

When he gave that series of lectures at the university last year, William received a nice ____ for them.

The intensity of her emotions was ____ and she had to take a moment to compose herself.

The attorney general’s office decided to ____ the accused for the embezzlement of company funds.

As negotiations between the workers’ union and management ____ over the proposed contract, tension began to rise and eventually led to a union conflict.

The thought of her unfaithful husband getting her possessions when she dies ____ her.

My grandmother always ____ the decline in moral standards in today’s society, and seeing all the crimes in the news, I really cannot blame her for that.

Carrie is such a serious animal-lover that she refuses to buy or use anything that is made of ____ leather.

The company plans to invest in an ____ wind farm to generate clean energy.

【題組共用題幹】

Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, many people have experienced the obsessive drive to persistently scroll through their news and social media feeds and pay attention to distressing, negative information about the new virus. This act is called doomscrolling.

There are several contributing factors that may cause doomscrolling, which include negativity bias, uncertainty, anxiety and fear of missing out (FOMO). Negativity bias refers to people’s natural inclination to look for and read sad stories. Uncertainty refers to situations when an individual needs to know about a topic that is unclear or with multiple conflicting perspectives. Some people use doomscrolling to manage anxiety. However, the habit can also cause further anxiety. Doomscrolling may also be associated with FOMO, an anxious feeling you get when you find yourself having missed important information.

The act of endlessly scrolling and seeing distressing information can affect your mental health by reinforcing negative thoughts and make you feel apprehensive and despondent. If you often find yourself lost in doomscrolling on social media or other news sites, there are some strategies you can try to stop it. First, block out time for social media. Blocking out a certain time in the day to check the news may be helpful. Setting boundaries on news intake, you can stay informed without getting totally overwhelmed. Second, get a hobby and exercise. People often use social media to alleviate boredom, which may result in doomscrolling. If you’re feeling bored, try doing leisure activities that you often enjoy. Next, seek more positive stories. Focusing on negative stories might intensify the sense of danger and catastrophe, so there has to be a balance. You can visit various websites that are dedicated to reporting positive stories, such as the Good News Network or Positive News.

Reading the news to stay updated on current events is important, but doomscrolling is different from simply wanting to stay informed. The important thing is not to stay immersed in the misery — set limits and take breaks.

Which of the following best shows the organization of this passage?

【題組共用題幹】

Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, many people have experienced the obsessive drive to persistently scroll through their news and social media feeds and pay attention to distressing, negative information about the new virus. This act is called doomscrolling.

There are several contributing factors that may cause doomscrolling, which include negativity bias, uncertainty, anxiety and fear of missing out (FOMO). Negativity bias refers to people’s natural inclination to look for and read sad stories. Uncertainty refers to situations when an individual needs to know about a topic that is unclear or with multiple conflicting perspectives. Some people use doomscrolling to manage anxiety. However, the habit can also cause further anxiety. Doomscrolling may also be associated with FOMO, an anxious feeling you get when you find yourself having missed important information.

The act of endlessly scrolling and seeing distressing information can affect your mental health by reinforcing negative thoughts and make you feel apprehensive and despondent. If you often find yourself lost in doomscrolling on social media or other news sites, there are some strategies you can try to stop it. First, block out time for social media. Blocking out a certain time in the day to check the news may be helpful. Setting boundaries on news intake, you can stay informed without getting totally overwhelmed. Second, get a hobby and exercise. People often use social media to alleviate boredom, which may result in doomscrolling. If you’re feeling bored, try doing leisure activities that you often enjoy. Next, seek more positive stories. Focusing on negative stories might intensify the sense of danger and catastrophe, so there has to be a balance. You can visit various websites that are dedicated to reporting positive stories, such as the Good News Network or Positive News.

Reading the news to stay updated on current events is important, but doomscrolling is different from simply wanting to stay informed. The important thing is not to stay immersed in the misery — set limits and take breaks.

Why does the author mention COVID-19 in the first paragraph?

【題組共用題幹】

Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, many people have experienced the obsessive drive to persistently scroll through their news and social media feeds and pay attention to distressing, negative information about the new virus. This act is called doomscrolling.

There are several contributing factors that may cause doomscrolling, which include negativity bias, uncertainty, anxiety and fear of missing out (FOMO). Negativity bias refers to people’s natural inclination to look for and read sad stories. Uncertainty refers to situations when an individual needs to know about a topic that is unclear or with multiple conflicting perspectives. Some people use doomscrolling to manage anxiety. However, the habit can also cause further anxiety. Doomscrolling may also be associated with FOMO, an anxious feeling you get when you find yourself having missed important information.

The act of endlessly scrolling and seeing distressing information can affect your mental health by reinforcing negative thoughts and make you feel apprehensive and despondent. If you often find yourself lost in doomscrolling on social media or other news sites, there are some strategies you can try to stop it. First, block out time for social media. Blocking out a certain time in the day to check the news may be helpful. Setting boundaries on news intake, you can stay informed without getting totally overwhelmed. Second, get a hobby and exercise. People often use social media to alleviate boredom, which may result in doomscrolling. If you’re feeling bored, try doing leisure activities that you often enjoy. Next, seek more positive stories. Focusing on negative stories might intensify the sense of danger and catastrophe, so there has to be a balance. You can visit various websites that are dedicated to reporting positive stories, such as the Good News Network or Positive News.

Reading the news to stay updated on current events is important, but doomscrolling is different from simply wanting to stay informed. The important thing is not to stay immersed in the misery — set limits and take breaks.

Which of the following is the best example of “blocking out time for social media”?

【題組共用題幹】

Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, many people have experienced the obsessive drive to persistently scroll through their news and social media feeds and pay attention to distressing, negative information about the new virus. This act is called doomscrolling.

There are several contributing factors that may cause doomscrolling, which include negativity bias, uncertainty, anxiety and fear of missing out (FOMO). Negativity bias refers to people’s natural inclination to look for and read sad stories. Uncertainty refers to situations when an individual needs to know about a topic that is unclear or with multiple conflicting perspectives. Some people use doomscrolling to manage anxiety. However, the habit can also cause further anxiety. Doomscrolling may also be associated with FOMO, an anxious feeling you get when you find yourself having missed important information.

The act of endlessly scrolling and seeing distressing information can affect your mental health by reinforcing negative thoughts and make you feel apprehensive and despondent. If you often find yourself lost in doomscrolling on social media or other news sites, there are some strategies you can try to stop it. First, block out time for social media. Blocking out a certain time in the day to check the news may be helpful. Setting boundaries on news intake, you can stay informed without getting totally overwhelmed. Second, get a hobby and exercise. People often use social media to alleviate boredom, which may result in doomscrolling. If you’re feeling bored, try doing leisure activities that you often enjoy. Next, seek more positive stories. Focusing on negative stories might intensify the sense of danger and catastrophe, so there has to be a balance. You can visit various websites that are dedicated to reporting positive stories, such as the Good News Network or Positive News.

Reading the news to stay updated on current events is important, but doomscrolling is different from simply wanting to stay informed. The important thing is not to stay immersed in the misery — set limits and take breaks.

Which of the following words is the closest in meaning to the word “despondent” in the third paragraph?

【題組共用題幹】

Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, many people have experienced the obsessive drive to persistently scroll through their news and social media feeds and pay attention to distressing, negative information about the new virus. This act is called doomscrolling.

There are several contributing factors that may cause doomscrolling, which include negativity bias, uncertainty, anxiety and fear of missing out (FOMO). Negativity bias refers to people’s natural inclination to look for and read sad stories. Uncertainty refers to situations when an individual needs to know about a topic that is unclear or with multiple conflicting perspectives. Some people use doomscrolling to manage anxiety. However, the habit can also cause further anxiety. Doomscrolling may also be associated with FOMO, an anxious feeling you get when you find yourself having missed important information.

The act of endlessly scrolling and seeing distressing information can affect your mental health by reinforcing negative thoughts and make you feel apprehensive and despondent. If you often find yourself lost in doomscrolling on social media or other news sites, there are some strategies you can try to stop it. First, block out time for social media. Blocking out a certain time in the day to check the news may be helpful. Setting boundaries on news intake, you can stay informed without getting totally overwhelmed. Second, get a hobby and exercise. People often use social media to alleviate boredom, which may result in doomscrolling. If you’re feeling bored, try doing leisure activities that you often enjoy. Next, seek more positive stories. Focusing on negative stories might intensify the sense of danger and catastrophe, so there has to be a balance. You can visit various websites that are dedicated to reporting positive stories, such as the Good News Network or Positive News.

Reading the news to stay updated on current events is important, but doomscrolling is different from simply wanting to stay informed. The important thing is not to stay immersed in the misery — set limits and take breaks.

What can be inferred from this passage?