113 調查局特考三等 調查工作組(選試英文) 外國文(英文) 考古題詳解
第 一 題20 分
英譯中:請將以下英文翻譯成中文。
In Taiwan, the Citizen Judges Act was passed by the Legislative Yuan in 2022 and was implemented in the next year. Under the act, lay people are to be randomly selected as citizen judges who would participate in trial proceedings and adjudicate cases alongside professional judges in certain felony cases. The purpose of inviting all walks of life into involvement of this legal system is to enhance the transparency of the judiciary, account for the public’s opinion toward the law, promote public confidence in the judiciary, provide the public with a better understanding of the judiciary and honor the ideal of popular sovereignty.
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核心觀念
本題測驗英文段落翻譯,重點是正確掌握司法制度相關詞彙、長句結構與並列目的語。翻譯時須兼顧原文資訊與中文語序,尤其要辨明《國民法官法》的通過、施行時間,以及一般民眾參與審判的方式與目的。
本題涉及《國民法官法》,以下制度說明以命題當年(民國 113 年)法規為準。
解題方法
先依內容將段落分成三層,再逐層翻譯:
- 立法與施行時間:法律於 2022 年經立法院通過,並於隔年施行。
- 制度運作方式:一般民眾經隨機選任成為國民法官,參與特定重大犯罪案件的審理,並與職業法官共同審判。
- 制度目的:邀請各界人士參與司法,以提升司法透明度、納入民意、增進民眾對司法的信賴與理解,並彰顯主權在民的理念。
逐句處理時,先確認動詞和修飾關係,再依中文習慣調整語序。例如,are to be randomly selected 在此指「將經隨機選任」,alongside professional judges 是「與職業法官共同」,all walks of life 則是「各界人士」或「社會各階層人士」。
關鍵詞句解析
was passed by the Legislative Yuan:經立法院通過。was implemented in the next year:於隔年施行。the next year承接前文的 2022 年,指 2023 年。lay people:一般民眾,與職業法官相對。citizen judges:國民法官。trial proceedings:審判程序。adjudicate cases:審理案件、裁判案件。certain felony cases:特定重大犯罪案件。all walks of life:各界人士、社會各階層人士。
第 二 題30 分
英文作文:
Citizen reporting refers to the act of citizens reporting or informing authorities about illegal activities, violations, or misconduct. This can involve reporting crimes, traffic violations, environmental violations, or any other infractions to the relevant authorities, such as the police, regulatory agencies, or local government.
Do you support citizen reporting in Taiwan? Write an essay of approximately 250 words to analyze the pros and cons of this practice, and then give your comments on it. It is suggested that the writing include examples of citizen reporting drawn from real-life cases, news reports, or personal experiences.
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核心觀念
這是一題「議論文」寫作,重點不是單純表態支持或反對,而是要依序完成三件事:說明公民通報的作用、分析優點與缺點,最後提出有理由的立場。題目特別建議結合真實案例、新聞報導或個人經驗,因此文章應至少舉出一個具體例子,並說明它如何支持論點。
公民通報是民眾向主管機關反映違法或不當行為。以台灣交通違規為例,民眾可依《道路交通管理處罰條例》第 7 條之 1,就法條列舉的違規行為提出檢舉並檢附證據;適用範圍須以法定規定為準,並非所有違規都能任意檢舉。機關仍須依程序查證。涉及個人資料時,也須留意《個人資料保護法》的規範。
解題方法
最穩健的切入方式是採取「有限度支持」的立場。先說明通報能補足執法資源、提升違規被發現的機率;再指出惡意檢舉、證據不足、過度監控及個資疑慮等風險;最後主張制度應搭配可靠證據、機關查證與個資保護。
建議段落安排如下:
- 引言:定義公民通報,表明支持立場與必要條件。
- 優點:說明通報如何增進公共安全與行政效率,加入具體事例。
- 缺點:指出通報可能被濫用,也可能造成隱私或公平疑慮。
- 結論:重申立場,提出合理的制度保障。
作文約 250 字,宜讓每段集中發展一個主旨。例子不必羅列許多件;清楚交代「事件—通報—公共效果」即可。
解題技巧
- 立場要明確,但不必寫成毫無保留的支持或反對;「支持,但須有保障」容易兼顧正反分析。
- 優缺點要形成對照:執法效率對應權力濫用,公共安全對應隱私保障。
- 例子要服務論點。像是民眾提供行車影像,協助警方查明危險駕駛,能直接說明通報的價值。
- 留意英文議論文常用的連接語,例如 On the one hand、However、Therefore,讓段落關係清楚。
- 結尾要回答題目中的 Do you support...?,不可只重述優缺點而未表態。
參考範文
Citizen Reporting: A Useful Tool with Necessary Limits
Citizen reporting allows ordinary people to inform public authorities about suspected violations. I support this practice in Taiwan, provided that reports are handled fairly and supported by reliable evidence.
First, citizens can help authorities identify problems that would otherwise go unnoticed. Police officers cannot be everywhere, and residents are often the first to see dangerous or unlawful behavior. For example, a
第 1 題1 分
Lower-income consumers are struggling to pay their ____ on time, reducing their spending and searching for deals.
題意翻譯 低收入消費者正面臨難以按時支付帳單的困境,紛紛減少開銷並尋找特價商品。
核心觀念
本題測驗**「名詞字彙辨析」與「動賓搭配詞(Collocation)」**。 在財經與日常生活情境中,「按時繳納各項費用/帳單」的標準英文搭配為 pay one's bills (on time)。解題時必須結合前後文語境(低收入族群面臨的財務緊縮壓力)與動詞的慣用搭配進行判斷。
解題方法
- 掌握語境線索: 句首主詞為「Lower-income consumers」(低收入消費者),後半句使用現在分詞片語「reducing their spending and searching for deals」(減少支出並尋找特價商品)進行補充說明。整體脈絡描述消費者面臨生活成本高漲、財務吃緊的情況。
- 鎖定動詞與修飾語的搭配關係: 空格位於及物動詞「pay」(支付)之後、副詞片語「on time」(準時地)之前,充當受詞。在英語慣用法中,表示「準時繳交水電、瓦斯、房租、信用卡等各項日常開銷」時,標準受詞即為 bills(帳單)。因此選 (B) 符合句意與搭配。
選項分析
- (A) accounts(帳戶、帳目;客戶):錯誤。
account多指「銀行帳戶」或商業會計上的「帳目」。若要表達「結清帳戶款項」,英文習慣使用 settle an account 或 pay off an account balance;一般民眾繳交每月生活費用不會使用「pay their accounts on time」。
第 2 題1 分
Given no ____ on how to handle charging, Jeff found himself trying to use Tesla chargers for his Volkswagen rental car, not initially realizing they would not work.
題目中譯
由於沒有收到任何關於如何處理充電的指示/說明,傑夫發現自己正試圖將特斯拉(Tesla)的充電器用於他所租賃的福斯(Volkswagen)汽車上,起初並未意識到兩者根本無法相容運作。
核心觀念
本題測驗「字彙語意辨析」與「名詞與介系詞/名詞子句之搭配詞(Collocation)」,並結合分詞介系詞化之句型理解:
- 搭配結構:名詞
instruction(指示、說明、指引)常後接介系詞on/about或疑問詞引導的子句(如on how to...),表示「關於……的指引/使用說明」。 - 句型架構:句首
Given + N為常見的分詞介系詞化用法,在此可視為「被給予……」或「鑑於/考量到……」之意(Given no... 即表示「在未獲任何……的情況下」)。
解題方法
- 抓取關鍵語境與後續搭配:
空格後方緊接
on how to handle charging(關於如何處理充電事宜)。四個選項中,唯有具備「指導、指示、說明」意涵的名詞,才能與「如何執行某事(how to...)」產生邏輯呼應與語法搭配。 - 對照後文因果邏輯: 後文提及傑夫「拿特斯拉充電器去充福斯租來的車,一開始沒發現不能充」,表示他會犯下這項錯誤的「原因」,正是因為事前「沒有收到任何使用操作說明/指引」。因此,空格必填入表示「指導、操作說明」的字彙。
選項分析
- (A) abduction(名詞)
- 字義:綁架、誘拐。
- 辨析:源自動詞
abduct(誘拐、劫持)。與充電操作完全無關,文意不通,故不選。 - (B) construction(名詞)
- 字義:建造、建造物、施工;(語意/法規之)解釋。
第 3 題1 分
More than 300 million children a year are ____ of online sexual exploitation and abuse, according to the first global estimate of the scale of the problem published yesterday.
題幹翻譯
根據昨天公布關於該問題規模的首份全球估計,每年有超過三億名兒童成為網路性剝削與虐待的受害者。
核心觀念
本題測驗名詞語意辨析與犯罪防治/人權議題之慣用搭配詞(Collocations)。
解題的核心在於掌握上下文的「語境正負向(Tone & Polarity)」。題幹主詞為弱勢族群「兒童(children)」,受詞為嚴重的犯罪侵害行為「網路性剝削與虐待(online sexual exploitation and abuse)」,空格必須填入表達「承受侵害之弱勢客體/身分」的名詞。
解題方法
- 抓取語境核心線索: 題幹關鍵受詞為 "online sexual exploitation and abuse"(網路性剝削與虐待),此為明確的負面刑事犯罪與受害情境。
- 驗證動詞與介系詞搭配: 英文中表達「成為……的受害者/遭受……之害」,標準慣用語為 "be a victim / victims of..."。
- 語意邏輯判斷: 將四個選項代入空格:
- 每年超過三億名兒童是這些犯罪的「受害者」,符合客觀事實、報導邏輯與語法結構,故選 (C)。
選項分析
- (A) contenders:名詞,意為「競爭者、角逐者、爭奪者」。通常用於體育賽事、榮譽競逐或政治選戰中(例如:a title contender 冠軍爭奪者)。性剝削與虐待為犯罪行為,並非競爭目標,語意不通。
第 4 題1 分
Britain’s National Crime Agency ____ an alert to hundreds of thousands of teachers, advising them to be aware of the threat their students might face.
題意翻譯
英國國家打擊犯罪局(National Crime Agency)向數十萬名教師發布了一項警報,提醒他們注意其學生可能面臨的威脅。
核心觀念
本題測驗**「動詞語意辨析」與「動賓搭配詞(Collocation)」**能力。
在官方機構、執法單位與新聞英文語境中,「發布/發出(警報、聲明、通告、護照)」有高度固定的慣用動詞搭配。解題核心在於辨識受詞 an alert(警報)與後方介系詞 to(向……對象)所需的專用及物動詞。
解題方法
- 分析句子文法結構:
- 主詞:
Britain’s National Crime Agency(英國國家打擊犯罪局,官方執法機構) - 動詞:
____(空格處需填入及物動詞之過去式) - 受詞:
an alert(警報/警戒) - 接受對象(介系詞片語):
to hundreds of thousands of teachers(向數十萬名教師) - 補充說明(現在分詞片語修飾 alert):
advising them to be aware of the threat...(建議/提醒他們注意……)
- 鎖定搭配詞與語境:
受詞為
an alert,且動作發起者為執法機構,語意為「官方對特定對象正式提出警示」。英文中表示「發布警告/警報」的標準搭配為 issue an alert/warning to sb,故空格應選入具備「發布、發出」之動詞。
選項分析
- (A) chaired:錯誤。
- 詞義:主持(會議、委員會)、擔任主席。
- 用法:常接會議或組織作為受詞,如
chair a meeting(主持會議)、chair a committee(擔任委員會主席)。無法與an alert搭配,語意不通。 - (B) deducted:錯誤。
- 詞義:扣除、減除;推論。
第 5 題1 分
High power usage is the “Achilles’ heel” of AI applications, as power ____ increases with the greater computing power needed for new-generation AI chips.
題意中譯 高耗電量是人工智慧(AI)應用的「致命弱點」,因為隨著新一代 AI 晶片所需的更大運算能力,電力消耗也隨之增加。
核心觀念
- 主題詞彙辨析與同義代換(Synonym Variation): 本題測試考生在科技與能源領域的高頻字彙掌握能力。英文寫作中常避免在鄰近句子內重複相同字詞,前半句的核心詞彙為 power usage(電力使用量),後半句空格處自然需要能與之語意呼應、且能與 power 搭配的名詞。
- 固定搭配詞(Collocation): 科技產業中描述「耗電量、用電量」的標準搭配為 power consumption(或 energy consumption),為國家考試與國際科技報導中極為常見的高頻片語。
- 延伸文化典故: 句子出現的 Achilles’ heel(阿基里斯之腱)源自希臘神話,用以隱喻「致命弱點、致命傷」,屬於公職英文常考的成語片語。
解題方法
- 分析語法架構:
- 主要子句:
High power usage is the “Achilles’ heel” of AI applications(主詞 + be 動詞 + 主詞補語)。 - 從屬子句:
as power ____ increases with the greater computing power needed for new-generation AI chips。由從屬連接詞 as(因為)引導原因副詞子句,空格處需填入名詞作子句主詞。
- 前後文語意比對: 主要子句點出 AI 的核心問題是「高耗電量(power usage)」,連接詞 as 接續解釋原因,指出新晶片需要更高算力,因此「電力消耗」必然同步攀升(increases)。因此,空格需填入表示「消耗、用量」的名詞,以維持語意的前後一致性。
選項分析
- (A) combustion [n.] 燃燒 源自動詞 combust,指物質氧化發光發熱的化學反應過程(例如:internal combustion engine 內燃機、spontaneous combustion
第 6 題1 分
Over the years, music technology has ____ from records to cassette tapes to CDs to MP3s to streaming, but this hasn’t caused the three-minute duration of pop songs to fall out of fashion.
題目翻譯
多年來,音樂技術已經從黑膠唱片、卡式錄音帶、CD、MP3 演變到串流媒體,但這並未使流行歌曲三分鐘的時長退流行。
核心觀念
本題測驗重點為字彙語意辨析與動詞慣用搭配詞(Collocation),特別著重於外觀相似詞(形近字/同字根字)的辨別及情境邏輯推論:
- 動詞語意與介系詞搭配:空格後方緊接「」的結構,表達事物經歷時間在型態、形式上的「逐步演變、演進」。
- 拉丁字根
-volve(滾動、轉動)的詞彙辨析:高階公職英文常考同字根衍生動詞的意義區別(如 evolve、involve、revolve 等)。
解題方法
- 分析語境與句構:
- 主詞為「music technology」(音樂科技/技術)。
- 受詞補語/介系詞片語為「from records to cassette tapes to CDs to MP3s to streaming」(從黑膠唱片到卡帶、CD、MP3 再到串流媒體)。
- 語意呈現出載體歷經數十年間「由早期型態循序漸進發展至現代型態」的過程。
- 鎖定關鍵搭配:
- 英文中表示「從某種型態演變/發展成另一種型態」,標準動詞片語為 evolve from... to...。
- 代入各選項動詞,唯有 (B) evolved 在文法搭配與邏輯文意上完全契合。
選項分析
-
(A) archived(錯誤)
-
詞性與字義:動詞 archive 的過去分詞,意為「歸檔、存檔、封存」。
-
用法說明:常用於資訊管理、文件處理,如 archive the historical documents(將歷史文件歸檔)。
-
錯誤原因:音樂技術並非被「歸檔」,且 archive 不具備搭配「」表示技術世代演進的語意功能。
-
(B) evolved(正確)
-
詞性與字義:動詞 evolve 的過去分詞,意為「演化、逐步發展、演變」。
-
用法說明:常作不及物動詞,搭配介系詞 from A (in)to B,表示生物或事物在結構、技術上的循序演進。
-
正確原因:精準對應句中音樂載體由實體黑膠逐代轉變為數位串流的歷史歷程,完全符合上下文語境。
第 7 題1 分
Italy has placed a temporary ban on ChatGPT, a chatbot and ____ assistant, over privacy concerns and has made plans to penalize the misuse of AI.
題目翻譯
義大利出於對隱私問題的擔憂,對聊天機器人兼虛擬助理 ChatGPT 實施了暫時禁令,並已規劃對濫用人工智慧(AI)的行為予以懲處。
核心觀念
- 時事科技領域核心字彙與慣用搭配(Collocation): 本題考查人工智慧(AI)技術範疇中的標準術語。ChatGPT 屬於人工智慧軟體應用,其在業界與科技英文中的標準定位為「虛擬助理」(virtual assistant)。
- 形近形容詞辨析(Look-alike Adjectives):
題目四個選項均為
vi-開頭的四級至六級高頻形容詞(vicious / viral / virtual / visual),考生須精準掌握其字義與搭配對象,避免因字形相似而混淆。
解題方法
- 分析語法結構與同位語關係:
句中名詞片語
"a chatbot and ____ assistant"為"ChatGPT"的同位語,用以界定並說明 ChatGPT 的功能本質。 - 鎖定關鍵搭配詞(Collocation):
空格後方的中心名詞為
assistant(助理),且與前方的chatbot(聊天機器人)以對等連接詞and並列。ChatGPT 是利用電腦演算與軟體架構所建立的數位程式,科技英語中指稱此類非實體、由演算法驅動的助手時,標準用語即為virtual assistant(虛擬助理)。
選項分析
- (A) vicious [adj.]:惡意的、惡毒的、殘暴的;嚴重的。
- 錯誤原因:語意完全不合。ChatGPT 作為一種工具,本身不帶有情緒或殘暴意圖,且科技領域並無
"vicious assistant"的搭配用法(常見搭配為 vicious circle/cycle 惡性循環、vicious attack 惡意攻擊)。 - (B) viral [adj.]:病毒(性)的;(在網路上)像病毒般瘋傳的、爆紅的。
第 8 題1 分
Scrubbing the toilet and bathtub does not usually top most people’s list of ____ chores, but knowing how to clean a bathroom the right way can help make the job easier.
【題幹與中文翻譯】
題目: Scrubbing the toilet and bathtub does not usually top most people’s list of ____ chores, but knowing how to clean a bathroom the right way can help make the job easier. (A) sensible (B) favorite (C) handy (D) traditional
中譯: 刷洗馬桶和浴缸通常不會名列多數人最喜愛的家事清單之首,但懂得用正確的方法清潔浴室,能讓這項工作變得更輕鬆。
一、核心觀念
本題考查**「形容詞詞義辨析」、「名詞搭配與慣用語(Collocation)」及「前後文語境邏輯」**。
- 搭配詞與修辭語境:英語中常以
top one's list of favorite...(居某人最喜愛事物的榜首)來表達某事物受喜愛的程度;若加上否定句does not top one's list of favorite...,則是一種道地、帶有微幽默的修辭手法,用以委婉表示「這是一般人最不愛做的事」。 - 動詞 top 的及物用法:
top在此作及物動詞,意為「居……之首」、「名列……之冠」。 - 對比轉折邏輯:連詞
but連接前後兩分句,後半句提到「用對方法能讓工作變輕鬆(make the job easier)」,反推前半句必定是在敘述該項家事本身的令人卻步或不受歡迎。
二、解題方法
- 結構分析:
- 主詞為動名詞片語:
Scrubbing the toilet and bathtub(刷洗馬桶與浴缸) - 謂語動詞與受詞:
does not usually top most people’s list of [____] chores(通常不會名列多數人[____]家事清單的榜首) - 轉折對比句:
but knowing how to clean... can help make the job easier
- 語意推理: 刷洗馬桶浴缸是典型髒累、繁瑣的粗活,依常理不可能位居人們「最喜歡(favorite)」的家事榜首。
第 9 題1 分
Over time, cleaning products and tools can turn into clutter; instead of helping you clean, they become a ____.
核心觀念
本題測驗**高階字彙辨析(名詞語意與搭配對象)及篇章語意邏輯(反義對比轉折)**之解題能力。 全句的語法與語意骨幹建立於介系詞片語 instead of + V-ing(非但沒有……反而……)所引導的強烈對比,以及前句 turn into clutter(演變成雜亂堆積物)所確立的負面語境。
解題方法
- 掌握語境基調與語意轉折:
- 句首「Over time, cleaning products and tools can turn into clutter」(久而久之,清潔用品與工具可能會演變成雜物/累贅),指出清潔工具本應具備實用功能,但因堆積過多而轉變為負面的「clutter」。
- 利用訊號詞鎖定語意極性(Polarity):
- 分號後的子句「instead of helping you clean, they become a ____」,關鍵訊號詞為 instead of(代替、而不是、非但沒有)。
- 「instead of helping...」(非但沒有帶來清潔的幫助……)提示空格處必須填入與 helping(提供助力、促成進展)形成反義對比、且能呼應 clutter(雜物阻礙動線與生活)之負面名詞。
- 比對選項詞義:
- 四個選項中,僅 (A) hindrance(阻礙、絆腳石)精準對立於「helping」,構成「本想借助工具打掃,工具過多反而變成阻礙」之完整合理解釋。
選項分析
- (A) hindrance【正確】
- 詞性與詞義:名詞,指「阻礙、障礙、造成妨礙的人事物」。源自及物動詞 hinder(阻礙、妨礙)。
- 剖析說明:代入句中「...they become a hindrance」(它們反而變成了一種阻礙),文法上為可數名詞單數,語意上精準呼應「clutter」所造成的困擾,並與「helping」形成完美的語意對立,合乎邏輯。
- 常見搭配:a hindrance to sb/sth(對某人/某事構成阻礙)。
第 10 題1 分
Any air travel can be stressful, but facing a long-haul flight can be especially ____.
【題目中譯】
任何搭機旅行都可能讓人備感壓力,但面對長途飛行尤其令人望而生畏。
核心觀念
- 文意邏輯呼應與語意遞進:
句中以對比連接詞
but帶出對比與深化,前面提到搭乘一般飛機可能很「令人感到壓力(stressful)」,後方以「尤其(especially)」進一步加強語氣,描述「面對長途飛行(facing a long-haul flight)」時的主觀感受。因此,空格必須選入能承接且強化stressful意象的負面心理感受形容詞。 - 易混淆字與形容詞主客體搭配:
注意修飾「事物/情境」與修飾「人」的形容詞差異,以及同字根不同後綴所形成的衍生字語意辨析(例如:
incredulous與incredible之區別)。
解題方法
- 分析句子結構與主詞性質:
- 句型結構:
Any air travel can be stressful, but [facing a long-haul flight] (S) can be (V) especially [ ____ ] (SC). - 主詞為動名詞片語
facing a long-haul flight(面對長途飛行),屬於「事物/事件」,因此空格需填入能以事物為描述對象的表語形容詞。
- 鎖定語境關鍵字與語氣走向:
- 前半句提到
stressful(充滿壓力的)。 - 副詞
especially(特別、尤其)指示後方程度更深,意即「長途飛行帶來的壓力或心理負擔更甚於一般飛行」。 - 由此可知,空格處需填入帶有「令人深感壓力、令人退縮、令人畏懼」之意的形容詞。
- 比對選項詞義:
- 四個選項中,唯有 (D)
intimidating具備「令人膽怯的、令人望而生畏的」之意,完美契合「加深 stressful」的語境。
選項分析
- (A) incredulous:【錯誤】
- 詞性與詞義:形容詞,意為「懷疑的、不輕信的、表示難以置信的」(unwilling or unable to believe something)。
- 錯誤原因:此字專門用來修飾「人」或「人的神情、眼神、態度」(例如:an incredulous look、He was incredulous.)。長途飛行是一項「情境/事件」,不能用
incredulous來修飾。若要形容事情「令人難以置信的」,應使用incredible。 - (B) indisputable:【錯誤】
第 11 題1 分
The sad story he shared seemed to ____ deeply with the audience. Almost everyone who heard the story was left in tears.
題目翻譯
他所分享的悲傷故事似乎深深引起了聽眾的共鳴。幾乎每個聽到這個故事的人都感動落淚。
核心觀念
本題測驗重點為字彙語意辨析與介系詞固定搭配詞(Collocation):
- 語境線索對應:由後句「Almost everyone who heard the story was left in tears(聽者幾乎都感動落淚)」之結果,推知前句故事對聽眾心理所造成的強烈情緒反應。
- 動詞與介系詞搭配:測驗動詞與介系詞
with搭配後的及物片語語意,需符合「故事」作為主詞、「聽眾(the audience)」作為受詞的合理邏輯。
解題方法
- 尋找語意線索(Context Clue): 第二句說明結果為「聽眾熱淚盈眶(left in tears)」,代表第一句中男主角所說的故事深深打動了聽眾、引發了聽眾情感上的同理與迴響。
- 檢驗動詞片語搭配(Verb + with):
空格後有副詞
deeply(深深地)修飾,並接介系詞with與受詞the audience。四個選項中,唯有resonate with具備「引起……共鳴、使……產生共鳴」之意,且常與副詞deeply連用(resonate deeply with someone)。
選項分析
- (A) play:錯誤。
play with...意為「玩耍;玩弄、輕率對待(感情、危險等)」。- 例:Don't play with fire.(不要玩火 / 勿鋌而走險。)
- 代入句中成「故事玩弄聽眾」或「故事與聽眾玩耍」,邏輯文意不通。
第 12 題1 分
Tiffany’s entire family perished in a severe car accident. Upon hearing the tragic news, Mary immediately wrote her a heartfelt letter of ____ to express her strong sympathy and support.
核心觀念
本題測驗「進階核心字彙語意辨析」與「公務/社交書信之常見固定搭配(Collocation)」。考生需透過上下文的情境線索(如親人罹難、悲劇事件、表達同情與支持),判斷最適當的社交書信名詞。
解題方法
本題可透過「情境語意線索」與「名詞搭配結構」雙重切入:
- 情境語意線索(Context Clues):
- 句首敘述「Tiffany’s entire family perished in a severe car accident(蒂芬妮全家在一場嚴重車禍中喪生)」,搭配「tragic news(悲慘的消息/噩耗)」,確立全句情境為遭遇重大喪親之痛。
- 後方不定詞片語「to express her strong sympathy and support(以表達她深切的同情與支持)」清楚指出該信件的撰寫目的為「哀悼與慰問」。
- 名詞搭配結構(Collocation):
- 英文中向遭逢喪故者致哀的信函,標準慣用搭配即為 a letter of condolence(弔唁信/慰問信)。代入後語意完全吻合。
選項分析
-
(A) endorsement
-
詞性與字義:名詞,意為「背書、贊同、認可、代言」。
-
說明:常用於政治立場的支持(political endorsement)、名人商業代言(celebrity endorsement)或金融票據的背書。與面對他人親人罹難的悲傷情境毫無關聯,語意不合,故錯誤。
-
(B) resignation
-
詞性與字義:名詞,意為「辭職、辭呈;聽天由命、無可奈何的順從」。
-
說明:書信搭配中常見「a letter of resignation(辭職信)」。本題是瑪麗寫信給遭逢巨變的朋友,並非提出離職或表達放棄順從,文意不符,故錯誤。
-
(C) acceptance
-
詞性與字義:名詞,意為「接受、領受、認可、錄取」。
第 13 題1 分
The ticket prices for this concert are considered ____. Most fans either can’t afford them or have to settle for seats that are way far from the stage.
核心觀念
本題測驗「上下文語境推論(Context Clues)」與「高階形容詞字彙辨析」。在公職與特考英文中,常利用後句的具體後果或細節描述,來反推前句空格所需的評價性形容詞(褒貶度與語氣強度)。
解題方法
- 抓取前後句邏輯關係:
- 第一句:「The ticket prices for this concert are considered ____.」(這場演唱會的門票價格被認為是____的。)
- 第二句提供關鍵事實線索:「Most fans either can’t afford them or have to settle for seats that are way far from the stage.」(多數歌迷要麼負擔不起,要麼只能勉強將就離舞台極遠的座位。)
- 語意鎖定:
- 關鍵片語「can't afford」(負擔不起)與「settle for」(勉強接受、將就)皆帶有強烈無奈與負面語氣。
- 既然多數歌迷買不起或只能買最遠的廉價位,代表票價「極度高昂、貴得離譜」,空格處必須填入帶有強烈負向批判色彩、形容價格過高的詞彙。
選項分析
- (A) reasonable(形容詞)合理的、公道的
- 說明:常用於描述價格公道、物有所值(如 reasonable prices)。若票價合理,歌迷理應多能負擔,與後文「多數人買不起」之文意完全矛盾,故錯誤。
- (B) competitive(形容詞)具競爭力的
- 說明:修飾價格(competitive prices)時,指價格與市面上其他同類產品相比毫不遜色、往往指「價格實惠、具性價比」。
第 14 題1 分
This is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to get a promotion. Seize it tightly and don’t let it ____ away.
題幹翻譯
這是一個千載難逢的升遷機會。緊緊抓住它,別讓它溜走了。
核心觀念
- 使役動詞用法:
let + 受詞(it) + 原形動詞(VR)。 - 動詞片語與搭配詞(Collocation):考查與名詞
opportunity(機會)搭配之片語動詞。英文中形容「機會流失、溜走」的慣用表達為 slip away(或 let an opportunity slip away)。
解題方法
- 句意結構拆解:
- 第一句 "This is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to get a promotion."(指出這是極其珍貴的升遷良機)。
- 第二句前半 "Seize it tightly..."(祈使句,要求「緊緊抓住它」)。
- 第二句後半 "and don't let it ____ away."(以對等連接詞
and連接,透過使役動詞let it + VR構成對比,表達「別讓它從手中溜走」)。
- 語境與搭配判斷:
- 題幹以具象動詞
seize ... tightly(緊握、抓住)建立隱喻,後半句相呼應的動作即為「滑落、溜走」,且抽象名詞opportunity常與片語動詞slip away連用,表示「錯失良機」。 - 代入選項後,僅 (A)
slip符合「溜走、流逝」之語意與搭配慣例。
選項分析
- (A) slip(正確):
slip本義為「滑動、滑落」。片語 slip away 常用於比喻「(時間、機會等)悄然流逝、溜走」。置入句中形成let it slip away,意為「讓它(機會)溜走」,與前句Seize it tightly語意完全呼應,為標準慣用搭配。 - (B) take(錯誤):
第 15 題1 分
Even when the light is green, looking down at your phone while crossing the street is still ____.
題意翻譯
即使交通號誌是綠燈,過馬路時低頭看手機仍然是有危險的。
核心觀念
- 讓步副詞子句與主要子句的邏輯轉折:句首連接詞「Even when(即使當……之時)」引導讓步子句,通常搭配主要子句中的副詞「still(仍然)」,前後文意呈現預期與反差的對比關係。
- 情境詞彙辨析與搭配:考查形容詞的主詞補語用法,需根據主詞「過馬路看手機」這項行為的本質及後果,挑選出最合乎常理與安全語境的形容詞。
解題方法
- 句型結構剖析:
- 從屬子句(讓步):
Even when the light is green(即使號誌是綠燈)。 - 主要子句主詞:動名詞片語
looking down at your phone while crossing the street(過馬路時低頭看手機),其中while crossing the street為省略主詞與 be 動詞的副詞子句片語(原為while you are crossing the street)。 - 主要子句動詞與副詞:
is still。 - 空格處:應填入形容詞作為主詞補語(Subject Complement),用以描述動名詞主詞的性質。
- 語意邏輯推導:
- 綠燈通常代表「安全通行」(Safe)。
- 句型採用「Even when..., ... still...」(即使在安全條件下,某項行為仍然……),後方空格必須填入能與「安全」產生反差、形容「低頭看手機」潛在危害的負面形容詞,故「有風險的、危險的」為唯一合理正解。
選項分析
- (A) lucrative:adj. 有利可圖的、獲利豐厚的(producing a great deal of profit)。
- 常見搭配:a lucrative business / market / contract。
- 理由錯誤:邊走邊看手機與「賺錢獲利」無邏輯關聯,語意完全不符。
第 16 題1 分
A factory ignoring safety protocols will ____ fines from regulatory agencies.
忽視安全規範的工廠將會招致主管機關的罰款。
核心觀念
本題測驗法規與商務英文情境中的高頻動詞字彙,核心考點在於動詞與受詞的搭配關係(Collocation),以及動詞與受詞之間的主動/被動施受關係。考生須辨析及物動詞的精確語意與文法用法,特別是表示「招致負面法律/財務後果」的專用動詞。
解題方法
- 分析句型結構:
- 主詞:
A factory(主詞,修飾語為分詞片語ignoring safety protocols,表示「忽視安全規範的工廠」)。 - 助動詞與主要動詞:
will ____。 - 受詞:
fines(名詞,意為「罰款、罰鍰」)。 - 修飾片語:
from regulatory agencies(介系詞片語,修飾 fines,表示「來自主管機關/監管機構」)。
-
剖析語意與邏輯因果: 工廠忽視安全規範(違規在先),必然面臨不利之法律效果。此處動詞的主詞為「違規的工廠」,受詞為「罰款(fines)」,整句話表達的是「工廠自己引來/招致了罰款」。
-
鎖定固定搭配(Collocation): 英文中表示「因自身行為而招致/蒙受(懲罰、費用、損失、責任)」的專用動詞為 incur,常見搭配即為 incur fines / penalties / losses / debts。因此 (B) 為唯一符合語意與搭配詞的正確答案。
選項分析
- (A) reward(動詞:獎勵、酬謝)
- 錯誤。忽視安全規範屬於違法或違規情事,不可能獲得主管機關的「獎勵」,邏輯完全相反。此外,若用作動詞,常見句型為
reward someone with/for something(因某事而獎勵某人),受詞通常為人或行為,不接 fines。 - (B) incur(動詞:招致、蒙受、引來)
- 正確。
incur專指「因自身的過失、決策或行為,招致不愉快、負面的結果或引發費用/債務/懲罰」。常見受詞包括: incur fines / penalties(招致罰款/處罰)incur debts / costs / expenses(招致債務/產生費用)
第 17 題1 分
Animal rights activists protested against the merciless ____ of animals for their fur and called for stricter regulations on the methods used to obtain it.
核心觀念
本題測驗「名詞字彙語意辨析」與「語境搭配(Contextual Collocation)」。解題核心在於掌握句中的情感色彩、修飾語與受詞之間的邏輯關係:
- 情感色彩與立場:主詞為 Animal rights activists(動物權益倡議人士/動保人士),動詞為 protested against(抗議反對),後續呼籲 stricter regulations on the methods used to obtain it(對取得毛皮的手段進行更嚴格的規範)。
- 修飾語搭配:空格前有形容詞 merciless(殘忍的、冷酷無情的),空格後接受詞與目的 of animals for their fur(為了取得毛皮而對動物所進行的行為)。填入之名詞必須符合「受動保人士抗議」、「手段殘忍」且「能致使動物產出毛皮」之語意。
解題方法
本題採「語境線索定位法」:
- 抓取線索詞:
- 主語與動作:Animal rights activists protested against...(動保人士抗議……)
- 修飾語:merciless(殘忍無情的)
- 介系詞片語:of animals for their fur(為了毛皮而……)
- 後句補充說明:methods used to obtain it(取得毛皮的「方式/手段」)
- 語意整合推導: 動保人士所強烈抗議的,是業者為了取得動物皮草而施加的「殘暴殺害/屠宰」行為。形容詞 merciless 帶有強烈的負面與暴力色彩,四個選項中僅有 (C) slaughter(屠殺、宰殺)能與 merciless 構成合理修飾,並精準呼應動保人士抗議殘虐動物的語境。
題目翻譯
動物權益倡議人士抗議為了獲取動物毛皮而對其進行殘忍的屠殺,並呼籲對取得毛皮所採用的方法制定更嚴格的規範。
選項分析
- (A) exchange(名詞)交換、兌換、交流
第 18 題1 分
Completing her doctoral dissertation proved to be a ____ process, requiring countless hours of research, writing, discussing with her supervisor, and revisions.
完成她的博士論文被證明是一個____的過程,需要耗費無數小時進行研究、撰寫、與指導教授討論以及修改。
核心觀念
本題測驗「高階字彙語意辨析」與「上下文語意線索(Context Clues)推理能力」。解題核心在於辨識句中現在分詞片語(requiring...)所構成的後位修飾與因果說明,並從中找出最適當的形容詞來修飾名詞 process(過程)。
解題方法
- 抓取語境核心線索:
句中以逗號隔開的現在分詞片語
requiring countless hours of research, writing, discussing with her supervisor, and revisions(需要耗費無數小時在研究、寫作、與指導教授討論和修改上),是針對前面空格所修飾的名詞process進行實質內容的具體描繪。 - 語義對應推導: 「耗費無數小時(countless hours)」且包含多道繁重工序(研究、撰寫、討論、修改),直接點出該過程具有「極其艱辛、繁重、需要付出極大心力」的特質。
- 詞義配對:
四個選項中,唯有形容詞
strenuous具備「費力的、艱苦的、消耗大量心力」之意,與後方的具體描繪完美呼應。
選項分析
- (A) detective:錯誤。
- 詞性與詞義:名詞或形容詞,意為「偵探的;偵查的;偵探」(如:a detective novel 偵探小說)。
- 辨析:撰寫博士論文為學術研究工作,並非刑偵或調查犯罪行為,置入空格修飾
process在語意與邏輯上均不合理。 - (B) formal:錯誤。
- 詞性與詞義:形容詞,意為「正式的;形式上的;正規的」(如:formal attire 正式服裝、formal education 正規教育)。
第 19 題1 分
Cancer is still the leading cause of death in Taiwan. According to the latest figure for 2024, cancer ranked first for the 43rd consecutive year straight, ____ 26% of just over 200,000 deaths.
核心觀念
- 常用動詞片語之語意與搭配(Phrasal Verbs):考查各動詞片語接「百分比/數據」時之固定搭配與語意邏輯。其中
account for + 數據/百分比為學術與新聞英文中表示「佔(多少比例)」的標準用法。 - 分詞構句(Participle Clauses):主要子句已具備完整主詞(cancer)與動詞(ranked)。逗號之後為連接詞與代名詞省略後的伴隨分詞構句(相當於
and it accounted for...或非限定關係子句which accounted for...),以現在分詞 表主動與伴隨狀態。
題意翻譯
癌症仍然是台灣的第一大死因。根據 2024 年的最新數據,癌症連續第 43 年蟬聯榜首,佔剛好超過 20 萬死亡人數中的 26%。
解題方法
- 句法結構分析:
主要子句為
cancer ranked first for the 43rd consecutive year straight(癌症連續第 43 年居首)。逗號後方無對等連接詞,且空格後接名詞片語26% of just over 200,000 deaths作受詞,此處為分詞構句結構修飾前述事實。 - 語意與受詞搭配鎖定:
空格後方的關鍵受詞為數據百分比「」。在英文新聞與統計報告中,表達「構成、佔比達到某比例」時,最標準之慣用動詞片語即為
account for。代入後語意為「佔逾 20 萬死亡人口的 26%」,文法結構與邏輯完全吻合。
選項分析
- (A) accounting for:正確。
account for為高頻多義片語,常見核心義項有二:
- 「佔……(比例、份額)」(後接百分比或數量,如 、a large proportion)。
第 20 題1 分
It clearly wasn’t John’s fault, but the supervisor still called him over and scolded him harshly. John felt very ____ when he walked out of the office dejectedly.
這明明不是約翰的錯,但主管還是把他叫了過去,並嚴厲地訓斥了一頓。當約翰沮喪地走出辦公室時,心裡感到非常受委屈(被冤枉)。
核心觀念
本題測驗情境脈絡推論與**情緒形容詞(過去分詞轉化為形容詞)**的精確字義理解。考生需掌握因果轉折邏輯,藉由句中客觀事實、外在處遇與行為副詞三者的對應關係,推導出符合語境的心理狀態。
解題方法
本題依據前後文脈絡線索推導:
- 事實與處遇的衝突:前半句明確指出「It clearly wasn’t John’s fault」(這顯然不是約翰的錯),但連接詞「but」(但是)帶出相反的對待——主管依然「scolded him harshly」(嚴厲斥責他)。這顯示約翰遭受了不公的對待與無端指責。
- 行為反應的提示:後半句描述約翰離開辦公室時是「dejectedly」(垂頭喪氣地、沮喪地),說明他內心受到打擊且情緒低落。
- 語意綜合歸納:在「自身無過失卻受斥責」且「情緒極度沮喪」的雙重條件下,最適切的心理感受即為「感到委屈/受冤屈」。動詞 wrong 當及物動詞時表示「不公正對待、冤枉」,其過去分詞轉化為形容詞 wronged,表示「受委屈的、蒙冤的」,完全符合文意。
選項分析
- (A) pleased:形容詞,表「高興的、滿意的」。
- 錯誤:約翰無端挨罵且沮喪地(dejectedly)離開,絕不可能感到欣喜,與情境完全相反。
- (B) guilty:形容詞,表「內疚的、有罪的、慚愧的」。
第 21 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
The prevalence of food allergies in the nation has nearly doubled within a decade, while peanut sensitivity is on the ____ among young children, according to Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. From 2004 to 2017, the percentage of those aged 4 to 18 with food allergies ____ from 7.7 to 10.4 percent, Director Su, Kuan-wen of the Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology told a news conference. Among adults, the percentage increased from 6.4 to 12.5 percent over the period, he said, citing a survey with 16,800 ____ responses. The percentage increases are roughly on a par with global trends, as most nations have seen a two to fivefold increase in recent decades, Su said.
Genetics cannot fully account for the rapid increase, meaning that environmental factors are a ____ cause, he said. The top three food allergies among elementary school students treated at the hospital were shellfish, peanuts, and eggs, he said. However, among junior high school students and adults, the top three were shellfish, fish, and peanuts ____, he added. “This shows that nut allergies are becoming more common among the younger generation, negating the belief that such allergies are only prevalent in other nations,” Su said.
The prevalence of food allergies in the nation has nearly doubled within a decade, while peanut sensitivity is on the ____ among young children, according to Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital.
核心觀念
本題測驗重點為**「介係詞片語慣用語(Prepositional Idioms)」與「篇章文意邏輯一致性(Contextual Coherence)」**:
- 介係詞搭配詞:名詞與介係詞
on the的固定片語搭配(如:on the rise、on the decline、on the mend、on the fence)。 - 語意連貫性:克漏字填空須依循上下文脈絡中的關鍵數據與動詞走向,判斷事物發展趨勢為「上升」或「下降」。
解題方法
- 掌握篇章脈絡與文意線索:
- 題幹前半句指出食物過敏盛行率「近乎翻倍」(has nearly doubled within a decade)。
- 後續段落數據亦顯示 4 至 18 歲過敏率「從 7.7% 上升至 10.4%」(from 7.7 to 10.4 percent)、成人過敏率「從 6.4% 增至 12.5%」(increased from 6.4 to 12.5 percent),且整體呈現「二至五倍的增長」(two to fivefold increase)。
- 文末更明確總結「堅果類過敏在年輕一代中愈發普遍」(nut allergies are becoming more common among the younger generation)。
- 由此可見,全文自始至終皆在描述過敏發生率呈**「增長、攀升」**之趨勢。
- 驗證慣用搭配:
- 空格處結構為
on the ____,修飾主詞 peanut sensitivity(花生敏感/過敏性)。 - 填入名詞 rise,構成慣用片語 on the rise(正在增加、正在上升),完全符合句意「花生敏感度在幼童族群中正持續攀升」。
選項分析
- (A) rise【正確】
- 片語涵義:
on the rise為高頻固定片語,意為「正在增加、正在上升、日益普及」(becoming greater, more common, or more frequent)。 - 文意檢驗:與前文的 doubled(翻倍)及後文的 increased(增加)、becoming more common(更為常見)語意完全呼應,故為最佳解答。
第 22 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
The prevalence of food allergies in the nation has nearly doubled within a decade, while peanut sensitivity is on the ____ among young children, according to Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. From 2004 to 2017, the percentage of those aged 4 to 18 with food allergies ____ from 7.7 to 10.4 percent, Director Su, Kuan-wen of the Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology told a news conference. Among adults, the percentage increased from 6.4 to 12.5 percent over the period, he said, citing a survey with 16,800 ____ responses. The percentage increases are roughly on a par with global trends, as most nations have seen a two to fivefold increase in recent decades, Su said.
Genetics cannot fully account for the rapid increase, meaning that environmental factors are a ____ cause, he said. The top three food allergies among elementary school students treated at the hospital were shellfish, peanuts, and eggs, he said. However, among junior high school students and adults, the top three were shellfish, fish, and peanuts ____, he added. “This shows that nut allergies are becoming more common among the younger generation, negating the belief that such allergies are only prevalent in other nations,” Su said.
From 2004 to 2017, the percentage of those aged 4 to 18 with food allergies ____ from 7.7 to 10.4 percent.
核心觀念
本題測驗「動詞字彙辨析」與「統計數據消長的上下文文意搭配」。 考生須掌握統計趨勢之常用動詞,以及表達數值變化的介系詞搭配結構: (從 數值增加/減少至 數值)。
題意翻譯
「林口長庚紀念醫院指出,過去十年間國內食物過敏的盛行率幾乎翻倍,而幼童對花生的敏感度亦呈上升趨勢。兒童過敏氣喘風濕科主任蘇冠文在一場記者會上表示,從 2004 年到 2017 年,4 至 18 歲患有食物過敏的人口比例從 7.7% 增加至 10.4%。」
解題方法
- 分析句型主幹與介系詞結構:
- 主詞:
the percentage of those aged 4 to 18 with food allergies(4 至 18 歲患有食物過敏者的百分比) - 動詞格:空格處需填入謂語動詞的過去式
- 受詞/修飾語:
from 7.7 to 10.4 percent(從 7.7% 至 10.4%)
數值由 升至 ,語意為數值的「上升、增長」,需選用能與 from... to... 連用且表示增長的動詞。
- 尋找段落內的平行對稱線索: 緊接在後的下一句提到:
“Among adults, the percentage increased from 6.4 to 12.5 percent over the period...”
兩句描述統計對象不同(兒童族群 vs. 成人族群),但語法結構完全平行對稱,後句直接使用了 increased from... to...,提供最直接的作答依據。
第 23 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
The prevalence of food allergies in the nation has nearly doubled within a decade, while peanut sensitivity is on the ____ among young children, according to Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. From 2004 to 2017, the percentage of those aged 4 to 18 with food allergies ____ from 7.7 to 10.4 percent, Director Su, Kuan-wen of the Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology told a news conference. Among adults, the percentage increased from 6.4 to 12.5 percent over the period, he said, citing a survey with 16,800 ____ responses. The percentage increases are roughly on a par with global trends, as most nations have seen a two to fivefold increase in recent decades, Su said.
Genetics cannot fully account for the rapid increase, meaning that environmental factors are a ____ cause, he said. The top three food allergies among elementary school students treated at the hospital were shellfish, peanuts, and eggs, he said. However, among junior high school students and adults, the top three were shellfish, fish, and peanuts ____, he added. “This shows that nut allergies are becoming more common among the younger generation, negating the belief that such allergies are only prevalent in other nations,” Su said.
Among adults, the percentage increased from 6.4 to 12.5 percent over the period, he said, citing a survey with 16,800 ____ responses.
核心觀念
本題測驗上下文語境邏輯(Contextual Logic)與統計調查之專業搭配詞(Collocations in Survey Methodology)。 在學術、醫學或民調報告中,引用研究數據佐證論點時,必然以經過篩選且符合分析標準的「有效樣本/有效回覆」(valid responses / valid questionnaires)為依據。
解題方法
- 分析語法結構與語意關係: 句中「citing a survey with 16,800 ____ responses」作分詞構句修飾主句。林口長庚醫院蘇醫師以該份調查為證據,指出成人過敏比例由 6.4% 增至 12.5%。既然是作為正式記者會發布的實證科學依據,所引用的必為具備統計效力的樣本數據。
- 鎖定固定搭配: 在問卷調查與統計學領域中,「valid response」為標準術語,指扣除漏填、矛盾、未完成等無效樣本後的「有效問卷/有效回覆」。因此空格處應填入表「有效的、合法成立的」之形容詞。
選項分析
- (A) false(錯誤的、虛假的): 形容詞。若調查所引述的是「虛假或錯誤的回覆」,該統計數據便毫無科學參考價值,與醫師在記者會上提出嚴謹數據之情境矛盾,故不合文意。
- (B) dubious(令人懷疑的、可疑的):
第 24 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
The prevalence of food allergies in the nation has nearly doubled within a decade, while peanut sensitivity is on the ____ among young children, according to Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. From 2004 to 2017, the percentage of those aged 4 to 18 with food allergies ____ from 7.7 to 10.4 percent, Director Su, Kuan-wen of the Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology told a news conference. Among adults, the percentage increased from 6.4 to 12.5 percent over the period, he said, citing a survey with 16,800 ____ responses. The percentage increases are roughly on a par with global trends, as most nations have seen a two to fivefold increase in recent decades, Su said.
Genetics cannot fully account for the rapid increase, meaning that environmental factors are a ____ cause, he said. The top three food allergies among elementary school students treated at the hospital were shellfish, peanuts, and eggs, he said. However, among junior high school students and adults, the top three were shellfish, fish, and peanuts ____, he added. “This shows that nut allergies are becoming more common among the younger generation, negating the belief that such allergies are only prevalent in other nations,” Su said.
Genetics cannot fully account for the rapid increase, meaning that environmental factors are a ____ cause.
【題目中譯】 蘇醫師表示,遺傳因素無法完全解釋這項快速的增長,這意味著環境因素是一個____原因。
核心觀念
- 名詞片語結構與詞性修飾關係: 在「不定冠詞()+ 空格 + 單數可數名詞()」的標準結構中,空格處應填入形容詞,用以修飾後方核心名詞 。
- 形近詞與同根詞辨析( 系列詞彙): 本題測驗考生對 、、、 之詞性、詞義及句型搭配之掌握。
- 字尾 的形容詞特例: 英文中多數副詞以 結尾,但部分以 結尾的單字可作為形容詞使用(例如:、、、)。 作為形容詞時,表「很有可能的、合適的(probable)」,能直接置於名詞前作修飾語(attributive adjective)。
解題方法
- 語法結構切入(句法定位): 分析目標子句:
"...meaning that environmental factors are a [ ____ ] cause, he said."
- 主詞:(環境因素)
- 不及物動詞:
- 主詞補語:名詞片語 (一個……的原因) 在冠詞 與核心名詞 之間,必須填入一個前置修飾名詞的形容詞。
-
語意邏輯判斷: 前半句指出「遺傳()無法完全解釋這種快速增長」,邏輯上推導出「環境因素是個**很有可能的(likely)**原因」。
-
綜合選答: 選項中僅有 具備「形容詞」詞性且語意為「可能的」,置於名詞 前修飾,構成固定搭配詞 (可能的原因),完全符合句意與文法規範。
選項分析
- (A) like:錯誤。
- 詞性與用法:
- 介系詞:「如同、像……一樣」(如:)。
- 動詞:「喜歡、喜愛」(如:)。
第 25 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
The prevalence of food allergies in the nation has nearly doubled within a decade, while peanut sensitivity is on the ____ among young children, according to Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. From 2004 to 2017, the percentage of those aged 4 to 18 with food allergies ____ from 7.7 to 10.4 percent, Director Su, Kuan-wen of the Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology told a news conference. Among adults, the percentage increased from 6.4 to 12.5 percent over the period, he said, citing a survey with 16,800 ____ responses. The percentage increases are roughly on a par with global trends, as most nations have seen a two to fivefold increase in recent decades, Su said.
Genetics cannot fully account for the rapid increase, meaning that environmental factors are a ____ cause, he said. The top three food allergies among elementary school students treated at the hospital were shellfish, peanuts, and eggs, he said. However, among junior high school students and adults, the top three were shellfish, fish, and peanuts ____, he added. “This shows that nut allergies are becoming more common among the younger generation, negating the belief that such allergies are only prevalent in other nations,” Su said.
However, among junior high school students and adults, the top three were shellfish, fish, and peanuts ____, he added.
核心觀念
本題測驗「同字根(respect)易混淆衍生副詞的語意辨析與上下文搭配」。
在英文正式論述與數據報告中,當針對兩組(或以上)對應項目進行列舉時(例如第一、二、三名分別對應項目 A、B、C),慣在句尾使用副詞 respectively,表示「依序地;分別地」(in the order mentioned)。
解題方法
- 分析句意與語境結構:
- 前文指出國小學童前三大過敏原為「甲殼類(shellfish)、花生(peanuts)、雞蛋(eggs)」。
- 本句接續說明國中生與成人的統計數據:「However, among junior high school students and adults, the top three were shellfish, fish, and peanuts ____, he added.」
- 句中「前三名(the top three)」對應後方列出的三種過敏原「甲殼類、魚類、花生(shellfish, fish, and peanuts)」,空格位於列舉句尾,用以修飾這三者與第一、二、三名的順序對應關係,表示「依序為……」,文法上須填入表示「各自地、依序排列」的副詞。
- 鎖定文意搭配:
四個選項皆由動詞/名詞 respect 衍生而來,唯有
respectively具備「依序、各自對應」的統計列舉功能,故判定為正解。
選項分析
- (A) respectably(副詞):體面地、品行端正地、相當好地
- 源自形容詞 respectable(值得尊敬的、體面的、名聲良好的、數量相當大的)。
- 例句:They lived respectably in a quiet suburb.(他們在安靜的郊區過著體面的生活)。
- 本句為過敏原排名統計,與「體面、端正」無關,語意不符。
- (B) respectedly(副詞):非標準英文用法(干擾選項)
第 26 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
The recent controversies surrounding priority seats on public transportation in Taiwan have highlighted the need for clearer guidelines and better public understanding of their purpose. While the “People with Disabilities Rights Protection Act” ____ the provision of priority seats on public transportation, the law does not specify who is eligible to ____ them.
Despite the frequent news of people fighting over priority seats, the Welfare Ministry in Taiwan has stated that priority seats will not be abolished, but ____ to the law may be considered. In the face of recent controversies, it’s about time to consider expanding the definition of “those with actual needs” to include more groups, which has been proposed but was not passed by the previous legislature.
In addition to top-down legal regulations, it is also important to ____ a spirit of mutual understanding from the bottom up through public education. Everyone needs to learn to identify who is most in need, and should not hastily judge who is eligible to sit in priority seating based solely on age and appearance. To better avoid unnecessary conflicts and misunderstandings, clearer guidelines, public education, and a spirit of mutual respect among passengers are all ____. Only through collective effort can we create a more inclusive and considerate public transportation environment.
While the “People with Disabilities Rights Protection Act” ____ the provision of priority seats on public transportation, the law does not specify who is eligible to ____ them.
核心觀念
本題考查時事法律英文的高頻動詞語意辨析與克漏字讓步轉折(Concession & Contrast)邏輯關聯。 題目取材自台灣社會高度關注之大眾運輸「博愛座(priority seats)」存廢與讓座爭議。涉及法律為《身心障礙者權益保障法》(People with Disabilities Rights Protection Act),以命題當年(民國 113 年)法規為準,該法第 53 條第 3 項明定未提供對號座之大眾運輸工具「應設置」供身心障礙者及老弱婦孺優先乘坐之博愛座。考生需掌握法律規範「強制要求/明定」之專用英文詞彙與搭配。
解題方法
- 分析篇章句型與邏輯關係:
原句結構為
While S + V + O, S' + does not specify...。 句首的從屬連接詞 While 在此引導讓步子句,表「雖然……(然而)……」,前後子句呈現對比關係:
- 後方主句指出:
the law does not specify who is eligible...(法律並未明確規範誰有資格使用)。 - 前方讓步子句則陳述既有的法律事實:法律雖然「強制規定/要求」大眾運輸必須提供(the provision of)博愛座。
- 鎖定主詞與受詞的搭配搭配詞(Collocation):
- 主詞:法案名稱
“People with Disabilities Rights Protection Act” - 受詞:
the provision of priority seats on public transportation(大眾運輸上博愛座的提供/設置) - 在法律與政策英文中,表示「法律、法規強制規定某事必須執行」的標準及物動詞即為 mandate。
選項分析
- (A) restricts:動詞,意為「限制、拘束」。
第 27 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
The recent controversies surrounding priority seats on public transportation in Taiwan have highlighted the need for clearer guidelines and better public understanding of their purpose. While the “People with Disabilities Rights Protection Act” ____ the provision of priority seats on public transportation, the law does not specify who is eligible to ____ them.
Despite the frequent news of people fighting over priority seats, the Welfare Ministry in Taiwan has stated that priority seats will not be abolished, but ____ to the law may be considered. In the face of recent controversies, it’s about time to consider expanding the definition of “those with actual needs” to include more groups, which has been proposed but was not passed by the previous legislature.
In addition to top-down legal regulations, it is also important to ____ a spirit of mutual understanding from the bottom up through public education. Everyone needs to learn to identify who is most in need, and should not hastily judge who is eligible to sit in priority seating based solely on age and appearance. To better avoid unnecessary conflicts and misunderstandings, clearer guidelines, public education, and a spirit of mutual respect among passengers are all ____. Only through collective effort can we create a more inclusive and considerate public transportation environment.
While the “People with Disabilities Rights Protection Act” mandates the provision of priority seats on public transportation, the law does not specify who is eligible to ____ them.
核心觀念:動詞語意辨析與公共資源使用權(Verb Semantics & Public Facility Access)
本題測驗動詞字義辨析及其與受詞的語義搭配(collocation)。句中代名詞 them 指涉前文的 priority seats on public transportation(大眾運輸工具上的博愛座)。博愛座屬於大眾運輸系統內的公共設施與共享資源,乘客享有的是「使用/利用」的權益,而非實質的「所有權」或「支配占有」。
- 句型結構:
be eligible to + V(有資格做某事)。 - 語義焦點:公共設施的「使用資格/進用權」(right to access/use)與私有財產的「所有/占有權」(ownership/possession)之區辨。
- 法規背景註記:題幹提及之《身心障礙者權益保障法》(以命題當年民國 113 年法規為準,第 53 條規定未提供對號座之大眾運輸工具應設置博愛座),其探討核心在於誰具備入座使用的權限與資格。
解題方法:語境線索與受詞語義篩選
- 掌握句意與指涉對象:
- 題幹原句:
While the “People with Disabilities Rights Protection Act” mandates the provision of priority seats on public transportation, the law does not specify who is eligible to ____ them. - 句意分析:「雖然《身心障礙者權益保障法》強制規定大眾運輸工具應提供博愛座,但該法並未具體規定誰有資格____它們。」
- 此處
them代替priority seats(博愛座)。
- 分析動賓搭配合理性:
- 受詞為「公共交通工具上的座位」,行為主體是「廣大乘客」。
- 四個選項中,(B) possess、(C) acquire、(D) own 的語意皆涉及「所有權歸屬」、「買受或獲得財產」或「長期實質占有」,完全背離公共運輸座位的共享本質。
- 唯有 (A) access 具備「使用、取得利用權利(to be able to use or obtain)」的意涵,符合「誰有資格使用/享有博愛座」之政策討論語境。
選項分析
- (A) access(正確選項)
- 字義:及物動詞,指「使用、利用、進入、取得(權利/資源)」(to be able to use, enter, or obtain something)。
第 28 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
The recent controversies surrounding priority seats on public transportation in Taiwan have highlighted the need for clearer guidelines and better public understanding of their purpose. While the “People with Disabilities Rights Protection Act” mandates the provision of priority seats on public transportation, the law does not specify who is eligible to access them.
Despite the frequent news of people fighting over priority seats, the Welfare Ministry in Taiwan has stated that priority seats will not be abolished, but ____ to the law may be considered. In the face of recent controversies, it’s about time to consider expanding the definition of “those with actual needs” to include more groups, which has been proposed but was not passed by the previous legislature.
In addition to top-down legal regulations, it is also important to ____ a spirit of mutual understanding from the bottom up through public education. Everyone needs to learn to identify who is most in need, and should not hastily judge who is eligible to sit in priority seating based solely on age and appearance. To better avoid unnecessary conflicts and misunderstandings, clearer guidelines, public education, and a spirit of mutual respect among passengers are all ____. Only through collective effort can we create a more inclusive and considerate public transportation environment.
Despite the frequent news of people fighting over priority seats, the Welfare Ministry in Taiwan has stated that priority seats will not be abolished, but ____ to the law may be considered.
核心觀念
本題為克漏字測驗,考查上下文語意邏輯、政策法規字彙以及名詞與介系詞的慣用搭配(Collocation)。
- 語意對比與語境脈絡:句中透過「
not... but...」結構形成語意反襯,前述「不廢除(not be abolished)」,後者轉折帶出替代的政策手段「對法條進行修正/調整」。後續文意更明確提及「擴大實際需求者的定義(expanding the definition...)」,皆指向法條文字的修訂。 - 名詞與介系詞搭配:名詞
modification(修改、變更)後方常接介系詞to,表「對……所做的修改/修正」(modification to something)。 - 法規時事背景:本題涉及大眾運輸工具博愛座設置之法源依據《身心障礙者權益保障法》(以命題當年民國 113 年法規為準)。當時社會輿論聚焦於是否修法將博愛座讓座對象由身心障礙者、老弱婦孺擴大至「其他有實際需要者」,考題即以此法規修訂時事入題。
解題方法
- 分析句子結構與對比轉折:
- 題幹前句:
Despite the frequent news of people fighting over priority seats...(儘管頻繁出現爭搶博愛座的新聞……)為讓步狀語。 - 主要子句:
...the Welfare Ministry in Taiwan has stated that priority seats will not be abolished, but ____ to the law may be considered. - 句型核心為
not A, but B(不是 A,而是 B),此處將「廢除博愛座(abolished)」與「對法律進行 __( to the law)」相對比。既然不全面廢除制度,合理的折衷手段即為「修訂、調整」現行法令。
- 檢視後文佐證:
- 空格後方緊接:
In the face of recent controversies, it’s about time to consider expanding the definition of “those with actual needs” to include more groups, which has been proposed but was not passed by the previous legislature. - 文中提及「考慮擴大『有實際需求者』的定義」及「曾向前一屆立法院提出但未獲通過」,明確點出主管機關的具體行動是研擬「修法」(amendment / modification),因此空格必填表「修正、改動」之詞。
- 確認搭配介系詞:
- 空格後方為
to the law。
第 29 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
The recent controversies surrounding priority seats on public transportation in Taiwan have highlighted the need for clearer guidelines and better public understanding of their purpose. While the “People with Disabilities Rights Protection Act” mandates the provision of priority seats on public transportation, the law does not specify who is eligible to access them.
Despite the frequent news of people fighting over priority seats, the Welfare Ministry in Taiwan has stated that priority seats will not be abolished, but modifications to the law may be considered. In the face of recent controversies, it’s about time to consider expanding the definition of “those with actual needs” to include more groups, which has been proposed but was not passed by the previous legislature.
In addition to top-down legal regulations, it is also important to ____ a spirit of mutual understanding from the bottom up through public education. Everyone needs to learn to identify who is most in need, and should not hastily judge who is eligible to sit in priority seating based solely on age and appearance. To better avoid unnecessary conflicts and misunderstandings, clearer guidelines, public education, and a spirit of mutual respect among passengers are all ____. Only through collective effort can we create a more inclusive and considerate public transportation environment.
In addition to top-down legal regulations, it is also important to ____ a spirit of mutual understanding from the bottom up through public education.
核心觀念
本題測驗「動詞詞彙語意」與「動賓搭配詞(Collocation)」的掌握能力。作答關鍵在於判斷受詞 a spirit of mutual understanding(相互理解的精神)與手段 through public education(透過公眾教育)之間的邏輯關係,並選出能傳達正向建立與培養意涵的及物動詞。
解題方法
- 分析句子文法結構:
- 句首
In addition to top-down legal regulations為介系詞片語作修飾語,表示「除了由上而下的法規規範之外」。 - 主要子句採用虛主詞結構:
it is also important to [空格:動詞原形] a spirit of mutual understanding...,真正的語意主體為後方的不定詞片語。 - 動詞後方接的受詞為抽象概念
a spirit of mutual understanding(相互理解的精神),修飾補語為from the bottom up(由下而上)與through public education(透過大眾教育)。
- 掌握語意邏輯方向:
- 全文探討台灣大眾運輸博愛座的爭議與解方。前文論及法律規範與修法方向(由上而下的作為),本句則轉向由下而上的社會教育。
- 透過「公眾教育」所產生的行動,目的是促進乘客之間的包容與諒解,因此空格必須填入具「建立、孕育、促進」等正面意涵的及物動詞。
選項分析
- (A) break(打破、破壞):
- 錯誤。
break a spirit意為「打擊士氣、消磨意志」,屬於負面意涵。若填入本句,會形成「透過教育打破相互理解的精神」,與文章呼籲大眾互相體諒的主旨徹底相悖。 - (B) foster(培養、促進):
- 正確。
第 30 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
The recent controversies surrounding priority seats on public transportation in Taiwan have highlighted the need for clearer guidelines and better public understanding of their purpose. While the “People with Disabilities Rights Protection Act” mandates the provision of priority seats on public transportation, the law does not specify who is eligible to access them.
Despite the frequent news of people fighting over priority seats, the Welfare Ministry in Taiwan has stated that priority seats will not be abolished, but modifications to the law may be considered. In the face of recent controversies, it’s about time to consider expanding the definition of “those with actual needs” to include more groups, which has been proposed but was not passed by the previous legislature.
In addition to top-down legal regulations, it is also important to foster a spirit of mutual understanding from the bottom up through public education. Everyone needs to learn to identify who is most in need, and should not hastily judge who is eligible to sit in priority seating based solely on age and appearance. To better avoid unnecessary conflicts and misunderstandings, clearer guidelines, public education, and a spirit of mutual respect among passengers are all ____. Only through collective effort can we create a more inclusive and considerate public transportation environment.
To better avoid unnecessary conflicts and misunderstandings, clearer guidelines, public education, and a spirit of mutual respect among passengers are all ____.
核心觀念
本題屬於克漏字篇章結構與字彙語意辨析題,考查重點包含:
- 段落邏輯銜接(Coherence & Discourse Flow):句首之「目的狀語(Infinitive of Purpose)」與後文「倒裝句/必要條件句(Only through... can we...)」之間的邏輯對應關係。
- 主詞與形容詞的語意搭配(Semantic Collocation):主詞為三項具體與抽象措施(指引、公眾教育、互相尊重的精神),作表語(主詞補語)之形容詞必須符合該主詞的特質與施受動關係。
- 背景法規關聯:本文探討大眾運輸工具博愛座(Priority Seats)爭議,涉及《身心障礙者權益保障法》(以命題當年民國 113 年法規為準,第 53 條規定大眾運輸工具應設博愛座供身心障礙者及老弱婦孺優先乘坐;該年社會廣泛討論擴大資格,後續行政與立法機關亦研議朝「其他有實際需要者」方向修法)。
解題方法
解題切入點為句法結構分析與前後脈絡的因果推論:
- 句子結構剖析:
- 前置目的狀語:
To better avoid unnecessary conflicts and misunderstandings(為了更好地避免不必要的衝突與誤解)。 - 主要子句主詞(複數並列主詞):
clearer guidelines, public education, and a spirit of mutual respect among passengers(更明確的規範指引、公眾教育,以及乘客間相互尊重的精神)。 - 動詞與補語:
are all ____(全都是……的)。
- 前後語境與邏輯推論:
- 句首提出「避免衝突誤解」之目的,列舉「指引、教育、尊重精神」三項要素。
- 後一句隨即指出:
Only through collective effort can we create a more inclusive and considerate public transportation environment.(唯有透過群體共同努力,我們才能打造更具包容性且體貼的大眾運輸環境)。 - 「Only through...」是強烈的必要條件提示詞,意味著前一句所列舉的規範、教育與精神,是達成目標所「不可或缺的、絕對必要的」。空格必須填入表達「不可或缺」之形容詞。
選項分析
- (A) indispensable(正確)
- 詞性與詞義:形容詞,意為「不可或缺的、必需的、絕對必要的」(absolutely necessary, essential)。
第 31 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
How do we know if the economy is in decline? The answer might be on our lips. Estee Lauder chairman Leonard Lauder created the “lipstick index” during the economic downturn following September 11, 2001. He noticed that the purchase of cosmetics, particularly lipsticks, tends to be inversely related to the economy because women replace more expensive purchases with small pick-me-ups. In the fall of 2001, US lipstick sales increased by 11%. During the Great Depression, cosmetics sales overall increased by 25%.
In 2020, at the height of the Covid economic downturn, Estee Lauder’s CEO Fabrizio Freda said that the lipstick index had been replaced by a skincare item as customers donned masks and worked from home. “The lipstick index has been substituted with the moisturizing index,” said Freda. “But the concept of the index is still there.”
Now we may be seeing that phenomenon rear its ugly head once more. The retailer Sephora recently announced a record sales year, and data from consumer research group Circana shows that prestige beauty growth has outpaced mass beauty sales, growing 9% and 2%, respectively, in the first quarter of the year. Of course, the so-called lipstick index is a less technical — and more fun — measure of economic downturn and is not always entirely accurate. But as the free-spending post-pandemic party comes to an end in the US, it’s something worth exploring.
Before the Bell (the CNN business newsletter) spoke with Neela Montgomery, CEO of Overeon (a collective of premium cosmetics brands including BareMinerals and Laura Mercier), about the outlook for beauty in an uncertain economic climate in an interview below.
Before the Bell: What do you see dominating the beauty market in the second half of the year?
Neela Montgomery: Clean has become a real buzzword in this industry, but this whole idea of no-tox (anti-botox) remains a really important thing. The market is bifurcating between this very authentic, real look and people who are getting more cosmetic work done. What we see is a need for more of these kinds of efficacious products for people who don’t want to go down the cosmetic procedure or injectables route. And then we continue to see that sort of clean girl with a pop of color look. So, you know, we have this sort of red lip…We continue to see that grow and expand.
What is the main idea of this passage?
核心觀念
本題測驗篇章閱讀的「主旨題(Main Idea Question)」判斷能力。考生需具備以下核心閱讀能力:
- 區分全文主旨(Central Idea)與段落細節(Supporting Details):主旨必須能涵蓋全篇核心論點,避免誤選單一段落的佐證數據或次要訪談。
- 掌握新聞英文的破題結構(Hook & Thesis Statement):商業與新聞英文報導常於首段以引人入勝的修辭問句破題,並隨即帶出核心論點(經濟衰退與唇彩/美妝消費的逆向關聯,即著名的「口紅指數」(Lipstick Index))。
- 理解同義改寫與修辭象徵:題幹中的唇彩消費象徵經濟指標,選項將首段 "The answer might be on our lips" 與後文的 "economic downturn / recession" 進行概念整併與改寫。
解題方法
- 抓取首段主旨句(Thesis Statement): 文章第一段開門見山提問:"How do we know if the economy is in decline? The answer might be on our lips."(我們如何知道經濟正在衰退?答案或許就在我們的雙唇上。)隨後明確引出雅詩蘭黛創辦人提出的「口紅指數(lipstick index)」,說明女性在經濟不景氣時會以平價的美妝小物代替高價奢侈品。
- 梳理全篇脈絡與發展架構:
- 第一段:提出「口紅指數」的定義及其與景氣衰退的關聯(如 2001 年 911 事件後、1930 年代經濟大蕭條)。
- 第二段:補充 2020 年疫情期間因口罩政策衍生出之「保濕指數(moisturizing index)」,強調該指數的核心概念依舊存在。
- 第三段:指出當前經濟不確定性升溫,「口紅指數」現象可能再次重現("seeing that phenomenon rear its ugly head once more")。
- 第四、五段:藉由訪問美妝集團執行長,探討在經濟前景不明朗的情況下,紅色唇彩等產品的市場走勢。
- 比對選項範疇(Scope): 全篇皆環繞著「藉由觀察女性唇部彩妝/口紅消費來預測或判斷經濟景氣是否衰退」此一核心主軸開展,其他關於特定歷史事件、單一主管發言或訪談細節均屬局部支持論據。
選項分析
- (A) 錯誤: 此選項指出「美國在大蕭條期間化妝品銷售增加」,僅為第一段末尾所引述的歷史背景數據("During the Great Depression, cosmetics sales overall increased by 25%."),是用來證明口紅指數合理性的次要佐證細節(Supportin
第 32 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
How do we know if the economy is in decline? The answer might be on our lips. Estee Lauder chairman Leonard Lauder created the “lipstick index” during the economic downturn following September 11, 2001. He noticed that the purchase of cosmetics, particularly lipsticks, tends to be inversely related to the economy because women replace more expensive purchases with small pick-me-ups. In the fall of 2001, US lipstick sales increased by 11%. During the Great Depression, cosmetics sales overall increased by 25%.
In 2020, at the height of the Covid economic downturn, Estee Lauder’s CEO Fabrizio Freda said that the lipstick index had been replaced by a skincare item as customers donned masks and worked from home. “The lipstick index has been substituted with the moisturizing index,” said Freda. “But the concept of the index is still there.”
Now we may be seeing that phenomenon rear its ugly head once more. The retailer Sephora recently announced a record sales year, and data from consumer research group Circana shows that prestige beauty growth has outpaced mass beauty sales, growing 9% and 2%, respectively, in the first quarter of the year. Of course, the so-called lipstick index is a less technical — and more fun — measure of economic downturn and is not always entirely accurate. But as the free-spending post-pandemic party comes to an end in the US, it’s something worth exploring.
Before the Bell (the CNN business newsletter) spoke with Neela Montgomery, CEO of Overeon (a collective of premium cosmetics brands including BareMinerals and Laura Mercier), about the outlook for beauty in an uncertain economic climate in an interview below.
Before the Bell: What do you see dominating the beauty market in the second half of the year?
Neela Montgomery: Clean has become a real buzzword in this industry, but this whole idea of no-tox (anti-botox) remains a really important thing. The market is bifurcating between this very authentic, real look and people who are getting more cosmetic work done. What we see is a need for more of these kinds of efficacious products for people who don’t want to go down the cosmetic procedure or injectables route. And then we continue to see that sort of clean girl with a pop of color look. So, you know, we have this sort of red lip…We continue to see that grow and expand.
According to the passage, which index replaced the lipstick index during the COVID-19 pandemic?
核心觀念
本題測驗閱讀測驗中的「細節事實題」(Factual Information Question)與「同義語詞代換」(Paraphrasing)能力。考生需具備快速抓取題幹關鍵字回文定位的能力,並辨識 replace(取代)與文中引語 substitute ... with ...(以……取代……)的同義對應關係。
解題方法
- 抓取題幹關鍵字:題幹問「According to the passage, which index replaced the lipstick index during the COVID-19 pandemic?」,核心定位詞為「COVID-19 pandemic」、「replaced」、「lipstick index」。
- 回文定位:快速掃描文章,定位至第二段開頭:
"In 2020, at the height of the Covid economic downturn, Estee Lauder’s CEO Fabrizio Freda said that the lipstick index had been replaced by a skincare item as customers donned masks and worked from home."
- 比對關鍵句並確認受詞:該段緊接著引用執行長 Fabrizio Freda 的具體發言:
“The lipstick index has been substituted with the moisturizing index,” said Freda.
第 33 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
How do we know if the economy is in decline? The answer might be on our lips. Estee Lauder chairman Leonard Lauder created the “lipstick index” during the economic downturn following September 11, 2001. He noticed that the purchase of cosmetics, particularly lipsticks, tends to be inversely related to the economy because women replace more expensive purchases with small pick-me-ups. In the fall of 2001, US lipstick sales increased by 11%. During the Great Depression, cosmetics sales overall increased by 25%.
In 2020, at the height of the Covid economic downturn, Estee Lauder’s CEO Fabrizio Freda said that the lipstick index had been replaced by a skincare item as customers donned masks and worked from home. “The lipstick index has been substituted with the moisturizing index,” said Freda. “But the concept of the index is still there.”
Now we may be seeing that phenomenon rear its ugly head once more. The retailer Sephora recently announced a record sales year, and data from consumer research group Circana shows that prestige beauty growth has outpaced mass beauty sales, growing 9% and 2%, respectively, in the first quarter of the year. Of course, the so-called lipstick index is a less technical — and more fun — measure of economic downturn and is not always entirely accurate. But as the free-spending post-pandemic party comes to an end in the US, it’s something worth exploring.
Before the Bell (the CNN business newsletter) spoke with Neela Montgomery, CEO of Overeon (a collective of premium cosmetics brands including BareMinerals and Laura Mercier), about the outlook for beauty in an uncertain economic climate in an interview below.
Before the Bell: What do you see dominating the beauty market in the second half of the year?
Neela Montgomery: Clean has become a real buzzword in this industry, but this whole idea of no-tox (anti-botox) remains a really important thing. The market is bifurcating between this very authentic, real look and people who are getting more cosmetic work done. What we see is a need for more of these kinds of efficacious products for people who don’t want to go down the cosmetic procedure or injectables route. And then we continue to see that sort of clean girl with a pop of color look. So, you know, we have this sort of red lip…We continue to see that grow and expand.
What does “rear its ugly head” in the passage mean?
核心觀念
本題考查英文慣用語/成語(Idiomatic Expressions)的語意理解與語境推論能力。
- 片語定義:動詞 "rear" 有「抬起、舉起」之意;"ugly head" 指「醜陋的頭部」,帶有強烈的負面與警示意涵。成語 "rear its (ugly) head" 的標準英語辭典定義為 if something unpleasant or undesirable rears its ugly head, it appears or happens,專門用來形容「不好的事情、棘手的問題或令人不悅的現象再度浮現、抬頭或顯露」。
解題方法
- 分析成語的字面與引申義: "rear its ugly head" 是固定比喻用法,形容某種潛伏的威脅像怪獸般「探出醜陋的頭角」,核心語義在於**「負面事物(unpleasant thing)」的「出現(appear)」**。
- 結合上下文語境(Contextual Clues):
- 第一段提到「口紅指數(lipstick index)」是由雅詩蘭黛前董事長在 2001 年經濟衰退(economic downturn)期間提出的概念——經濟低迷時,高額消費減少,但平價的口紅或化妝品消費反而逆向增加。
- 第三段首句:“Now we may be seeing that phenomenon rear its ugly head once more.”(如今我們可能又看到這種現象……),後文緊接著指出頂級彩妝銷售大增,暗示美國可能正悄然步入景氣循環的放緩與衰退。
- 「經濟衰退(economic downturn)」對大眾與市場而言正是典型**令人不悅(unpleasant)**的事情,故該現象的「抬頭/重現」即代表負面問題的浮現。
第 34 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
How do we know if the economy is in decline? The answer might be on our lips. Estee Lauder chairman Leonard Lauder created the “lipstick index” during the economic downturn following September 11, 2001. He noticed that the purchase of cosmetics, particularly lipsticks, tends to be inversely related to the economy because women replace more expensive purchases with small pick-me-ups. In the fall of 2001, US lipstick sales increased by 11%. During the Great Depression, cosmetics sales overall increased by 25%.
In 2020, at the height of the Covid economic downturn, Estee Lauder’s CEO Fabrizio Freda said that the lipstick index had been replaced by a skincare item as customers donned masks and worked from home. “The lipstick index has been substituted with the moisturizing index,” said Freda. “But the concept of the index is still there.”
Now we may be seeing that phenomenon rear its ugly head once more. The retailer Sephora recently announced a record sales year, and data from consumer research group Circana shows that prestige beauty growth has outpaced mass beauty sales, growing 9% and 2%, respectively, in the first quarter of the year. Of course, the so-called lipstick index is a less technical — and more fun — measure of economic downturn and is not always entirely accurate. But as the free-spending post-pandemic party comes to an end in the US, it’s something worth exploring.
Before the Bell (the CNN business newsletter) spoke with Neela Montgomery, CEO of Overeon (a collective of premium cosmetics brands including BareMinerals and Laura Mercier), about the outlook for beauty in an uncertain economic climate in an interview below.
Before the Bell: What do you see dominating the beauty market in the second half of the year?
Neela Montgomery: Clean has become a real buzzword in this industry, but this whole idea of no-tox (anti-botox) remains a really important thing. The market is bifurcating between this very authentic, real look and people who are getting more cosmetic work done. What we see is a need for more of these kinds of efficacious products for people who don’t want to go down the cosmetic procedure or injectables route. And then we continue to see that sort of clean girl with a pop of color look. So, you know, we have this sort of red lip…We continue to see that grow and expand.
According to the passage, what had been compared by the consumer research group Circana?
核心觀念
本題為閱讀測驗之**「細節定位與比較語意對照」(Detail Scanning & Semantic Mapping)**題型,主要測驗考生下列能力:
- 專有名詞定位能力:利用題幹的特定專有名詞(consumer research group Circana)快速回文鎖定資訊區塊。
- 比較語意與動詞理解:掌握英文中未直接使用動詞 compare,而是透過具有比較、超越意涵的及物動詞 outpace(超越、步調快於)以及副詞 respectively(各自、分別地)來表達「A 與 B 之數據對比」。
- 資訊歸屬辨析(Information Attribution):準確釐清文章各項數據、觀點分別出自何人或何機構,避免被文中其他段落的論點混淆。
解題方法
- 題幹關鍵字回文定位: 題幹問「消費者研究機構 Circana 比較了什麼?」,以專有名詞 Circana 掃描全文,可直接鎖定於第三段第二句:
"...data from consumer research group Circana shows that prestige beauty growth has outpaced mass beauty sales, growing 9% and 2%, respectively, in the first quarter of the year."
- 剖析關鍵句之文意與句構:
- 賓語子句核心句構:
prestige beauty growth(高端美妝的成長)+has outpaced(已超越)+mass beauty sales(大眾美妝的銷售額)。 - 分詞構句補充說明:
growing 9% and 2%, respectively,表示高端美妝成長了 ,大眾美妝成長了 。 - 動詞 outpace 清楚點出 Circana 將兩者的數據進行了高低比較,故其比較對象為「高端美妝(prestige beauty)」與「大眾美妝(mass beauty)」的銷售表現。
- 比對選項: 選項 (D) 之「Mass beauty sales and prestige beauty sales」完全符合 Circana 所比較的兩大市場類別,為正解。
選項分析
- (A) The lipstick index and moisturizing index.(口紅指數與保濕指數):【錯誤】 此項出自第二段雅詩蘭黛(Estee Lauder)執行長 Fabrizio Freda 所說的話(“The lipstick index has been substituted with the moisturizing index”),用以說明新冠疫情期間消費者因戴口罩而改買護膚保濕產品。這是企業高層的市場觀察,並非研究機構 Circana 進行比較的數據項目。
第 35 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
How do we know if the economy is in decline? The answer might be on our lips. Estee Lauder chairman Leonard Lauder created the “lipstick index” during the economic downturn following September 11, 2001. He noticed that the purchase of cosmetics, particularly lipsticks, tends to be inversely related to the economy because women replace more expensive purchases with small pick-me-ups. In the fall of 2001, US lipstick sales increased by 11%. During the Great Depression, cosmetics sales overall increased by 25%.
In 2020, at the height of the Covid economic downturn, Estee Lauder’s CEO Fabrizio Freda said that the lipstick index had been replaced by a skincare item as customers donned masks and worked from home. “The lipstick index has been substituted with the moisturizing index,” said Freda. “But the concept of the index is still there.”
Now we may be seeing that phenomenon rear its ugly head once more. The retailer Sephora recently announced a record sales year, and data from consumer research group Circana shows that prestige beauty growth has outpaced mass beauty sales, growing 9% and 2%, respectively, in the first quarter of the year. Of course, the so-called lipstick index is a less technical — and more fun — measure of economic downturn and is not always entirely accurate. But as the free-spending post-pandemic party comes to an end in the US, it’s something worth exploring.
Before the Bell (the CNN business newsletter) spoke with Neela Montgomery, CEO of Overeon (a collective of premium cosmetics brands including BareMinerals and Laura Mercier), about the outlook for beauty in an uncertain economic climate in an interview below.
Before the Bell: What do you see dominating the beauty market in the second half of the year?
Neela Montgomery: Clean has become a real buzzword in this industry, but this whole idea of no-tox (anti-botox) remains a really important thing. The market is bifurcating between this very authentic, real look and people who are getting more cosmetic work done. What we see is a need for more of these kinds of efficacious products for people who don’t want to go down the cosmetic procedure or injectables route. And then we continue to see that sort of clean girl with a pop of color look. So, you know, we have this sort of red lip…We continue to see that grow and expand.
According to the passage, what is the catchword in the beauty market in the second half of the year?
核心觀念
本題測驗「閱讀理解定位能力」與「關鍵同義詞轉換(Synonym Paraphrasing)」。 在公職特考英文閱讀測驗中,命題者常使用與原文意義相同但詞彙不同的同義字出題。本題核心在於辨識 catchword(流行語、熱門關鍵字、時髦詞)與內文 buzzword 的完全同義替換,並藉由訪談結構中的時間提示詞精準定位。
解題方法
- 題幹關鍵字定位: 題幹詢問美妝市場在「下半年(in the second half of the year)」的「流行關鍵字(catchword)」為何。
- 對應原文問答: 在文章後半段的專訪中,記者提問:
"What do you see dominating the beauty market in the second half of the year?"
受訪者 Neela Montgomery 開門見山第一句回答:
"Clean has become a real buzzword in this industry..."
- 同義字比對鎖定答案: 英文中 buzzword 與 catchword 皆指「時下業界流行、常被掛在嘴邊的話題詞/流行語」。受訪者直接指出在該產業中真正的 buzzword 是 Clean(純淨保養/自然妝感風潮),故直接鎖定選項 (B)。
選項分析
- (A) Botox:錯誤。 原文提到的是消費者興起 "no-tox (anti-botox)" 的概念,指抗拒肉毒桿菌等侵入式醫美的自然趨勢;
第 36 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
Goblin mode is a concept that has gained significant attention in recent years, particularly in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. During the coronavirus lockdown, going into goblin mode refers to enjoying being stuck at home with minimal social contacts. With the progression of the pandemic, this term gradually evolved. It eventually came to refer to a state of being where individuals embrace a more unapologetic and self-indulgent way of living, often showing no deference to societal expectations and norms.
One of the primary strengths of goblin mode is that it can serve as a form of self-care and a way to recharge. In a world that often demands constant productivity, success, and the presentation of a perfect version of oneself, goblin mode can be a liberating experience. It allows individuals to embrace their “inner goblin” and engage in activities that bring them comfort and pleasure, without the pressure to conform to societal expectations.
However, the weakness of goblin mode as a way of life are also significant. While embracing one’s inner goblin can be a form of self-care, it can also lead to unhealthy habits, seclusion, alienation and a lack of self-improvement. Completely rejecting societal norms and expectations can have negative consequences, such as development of addictions, poor holistic health, and strained relationships.
In conclusion, goblin mode is a complex concept that reflects the stiff challenges and unrelenting pressures of modern life. While it can serve a form of self-care, it is important to strike a balance instead of completely breaking from societal norms. Embracing goblin mode in moderation can be a healthy way to recharge and reconnect with oneself, but it should not become a permanent way of life.
According to the passage, what is the word “unapologetic” in the first paragraph closest in meaning to?
核心觀念 本題測驗「篇章脈絡中的高階字彙語意辨析」(Contextual Vocabulary)與「構詞法(Morphology)之否定字首判讀」。 考生須具備根據上下文線索(Context Clues)推斷生詞涵義的能力,並掌握表示情緒態度與道德認知的形容詞字群。
解題方法
- 分析目標字之構詞與核心字義:
unapologetic由否定前綴un-(不、無)加上形容詞apologetic(道歉的、愧疚的)組成,字面涵義即為「不道歉的」、「不覺得抱歉的」、「毫無愧疚的」或「理直氣壯的」。
- 檢視文章前後語境(Contextual Clues):
- 原文出處:「...individuals embrace a more unapologetic and self-indulgent way of living, often showing no deference to societal expectations and norms.」
- 句中
unapologetic與self-indulgent(自我放縱的、隨心所欲的)以and對等連接,後方進一步以分詞片語補充說明「showing no deference to societal expectations and norms」(對社會期望與常規毫不在乎、不予順從)。 - 脈絡顯示此處指人們採取一種「我行我素、不對自己的放鬆或邋遢感到抱歉或內疚」的生活型態。
- 比對選項語意:
- 四個選項皆為描述心理態度或道德規範的形容詞,唯有 (B)
Unrepentant(不悔悟的、毫無懊悔之意的)在語意與情感色彩上與unapologetic完全對應。
選項分析
- (A) Remorseful:錯誤。意為「感到懊悔的」、「深感自責的」(feeling or expressing deep regret)。此字與
unapologetic恰成反義詞。 - (B) Unrepentant:正確。
第 37 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
Goblin mode is a concept that has gained significant attention in recent years, particularly in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. During the coronavirus lockdown, going into goblin mode refers to enjoying being stuck at home with minimal social contacts. With the progression of the pandemic, this term gradually evolved. It eventually came to refer to a state of being where individuals embrace a more unapologetic and self-indulgent way of living, often showing no deference to societal expectations and norms.
One of the primary strengths of goblin mode is that it can serve as a form of self-care and a way to recharge. In a world that often demands constant productivity, success, and the presentation of a perfect version of oneself, goblin mode can be a liberating experience. It allows individuals to embrace their “inner goblin” and engage in activities that bring them comfort and pleasure, without the pressure to conform to societal expectations.
However, the weakness of goblin mode as a way of life are also significant. While embracing one’s inner goblin can be a form of self-care, it can also lead to unhealthy habits, seclusion, alienation and a lack of self-improvement. Completely rejecting societal norms and expectations can have negative consequences, such as development of addictions, poor holistic health, and strained relationships.
In conclusion, goblin mode is a complex concept that reflects the stiff challenges and unrelenting pressures of modern life. While it can serve a form of self-care, it is important to strike a balance instead of completely breaking from societal norms. Embracing goblin mode in moderation can be a healthy way to recharge and reconnect with oneself, but it should not become a permanent way of life.
Which of the following cannot be considered a benefit of goblin mode for an individual?
核心觀念
本題測驗考生的英文篇章結構理解、正反論點對比(Pros & Cons)以及反向細節判斷能力(Negative Fact / Detail Question)。 題幹聚焦於牛津年度詞彙「哥布林模式(goblin mode)」的內涵,文章層次分明:第一段定義概念與演變、第二段論述益處(strengths / benefits)、第三段剖析弊端(weaknesses / negative consequences)、第四段提出平衡之道。作答關鍵在於精準掌握題目否定字眼(cannot be considered a benefit),將選項對應至文中的優缺點對比。
解題方法
- 抓取題幹關鍵字:題目詢問「何者**不能(cannot)**被視為哥布林模式對個人的益處?」即要找出「非益處」、「與文意矛盾」或屬於「弊端(weaknesses)」的敘述。
- 段落定位與篩選:
- 正面益處(第二段):
self-care(自我照顧)、recharge(充電)、liberating experience(解放身心的體驗)、bring comfort and pleasure(帶來舒適與愉悅)、without the pressure to conform(擺脫順從社會期待的壓力)。 - 負面弊端(第三段):
unhealthy habits(不良習慣)、seclusion(孤立)、alienation(疏離)、lack of self-improvement(缺乏自我提升)、addictions(成癮)、poor holistic health(整體健康變差)、strained relationships(緊繃/緊張的人際關係)。
- 比對驗證:比對選項後發現,選項 (B) 所述之「建立無憂無慮的人際關係」與第三段指出的負面後果
strained relationships(關係緊張)直接相悖,故非益處。
選項分析
- (A) It allows for complete rest after strenuous work.(能在繁重的工作後獲得充分休息)—— 錯誤(屬於益處,非本題所選)
- 對應原文:第二段提及「In a world that often demands constant productivity, success, and the presentation of a perfect version of oneself, goblin mode can be a liberating experience... a way to recharge」(在一個經常要求持續生產力與完美的現代世界中,哥布林模式可作為充電與解放的自我照顧方式)。
- 說明:擺脫對生產力的強迫要求、讓身心充電休息,符合文中正面效用。
第 38 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
Goblin mode is a concept that has gained significant attention in recent years, particularly in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. During the coronavirus lockdown, going into goblin mode refers to enjoying being stuck at home with minimal social contacts. With the progression of the pandemic, this term gradually evolved. It eventually came to refer to a state of being where individuals embrace a more unapologetic and self-indulgent way of living, often showing no deference to societal expectations and norms.
One of the primary strengths of goblin mode is that it can serve as a form of self-care and a way to recharge. In a world that often demands constant productivity, success, and the presentation of a perfect version of oneself, goblin mode can be a liberating experience. It allows individuals to embrace their “inner goblin” and engage in activities that bring them comfort and pleasure, without the pressure to conform to societal expectations.
However, the weakness of goblin mode as a way of life are also significant. While embracing one’s inner goblin can be a form of self-care, it can also lead to unhealthy habits, seclusion, alienation and a lack of self-improvement. Completely rejecting societal norms and expectations can have negative consequences, such as development of addictions, poor holistic health, and strained relationships.
In conclusion, goblin mode is a complex concept that reflects the stiff challenges and unrelenting pressures of modern life. While it can serve a form of self-care, it is important to strike a balance instead of completely breaking from societal norms. Embracing goblin mode in moderation can be a healthy way to recharge and reconnect with oneself, but it should not become a permanent way of life.
Which of the following is not a disadvantage of goblin mode?
核心觀念
本題屬於閱讀測驗中的「反向細節理解題」(Negative Fact / NOT Question),主要測驗考生快速定位文章資訊、辨識同義改寫(Paraphrase)以及抓出「無中生有/過度推論(Distortion)」之干擾選項的能力。
解題的核心在於準確掌握第三段作者論述「哥布林模式(goblin mode)」之缺點(weakness / negative consequences),並將選項敘述與原文逐一比對。
解題方法
- 定位關鍵段落:題幹詢問何者「不是」goblin mode 的缺點(not a disadvantage),直接對應文章第三段。該段開頭出現轉折詞「However, the weakness of goblin mode as a way of life are also significant.」,隨後即列舉各項具體負面影響。
- 彙整原文提及的缺點清單:
unhealthy habits(不健康的生活習慣)seclusion, alienation(隱居、隔絕、疏離)a lack of self-improvement(缺乏自我提升)development of addictions(染上成癮行為)poor holistic health(身心整體健康不良)strained relationships(人際關係緊繃)
- 比對選項與排除:將選項與原文清單對照,符合原文缺點者予以排除;選項敘述若未在原文提及或過度誇大扭曲,即為正解。
選項分析
- (A) 錯誤(屬於原文提及的缺點,故不選)
- 選項意涵:缺乏與他人的互動久而久之會導致孤立狀態。
- 原文對照:對應第三段的「seclusion, alienation」(隱退隔絕、人際疏離)以及「strained relationships」(緊張的人際關係)。選項中的
Lack of interaction with others與state of isolation是對 seclusion 與 alienation 的同義轉述,屬於文中列出的缺點。
- (B) 錯誤(屬於原文提及的缺點,故不選)
- 選項意涵:完全活在自己的世界裡會對身心健康產生負面影響。
- 原文對照:對應第三段的「poor holistic health」(整體健康欠佳)及「development of addictions」(成癮傾向)。
第 39 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
Goblin mode is a concept that has gained significant attention in recent years, particularly in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. During the coronavirus lockdown, going into goblin mode refers to enjoying being stuck at home with minimal social contacts. With the progression of the pandemic, this term gradually evolved. It eventually came to refer to a state of being where individuals embrace a more unapologetic and self-indulgent way of living, often showing no deference to societal expectations and norms.
One of the primary strengths of goblin mode is that it can serve as a form of self-care and a way to recharge. In a world that often demands constant productivity, success, and the presentation of a perfect version of oneself, goblin mode can be a liberating experience. It allows individuals to embrace their “inner goblin” and engage in activities that bring them comfort and pleasure, without the pressure to conform to societal expectations.
However, the weakness of goblin mode as a way of life are also significant. While embracing one’s inner goblin can be a form of self-care, it can also lead to unhealthy habits, seclusion, alienation and a lack of self-improvement. Completely rejecting societal norms and expectations can have negative consequences, such as development of addictions, poor holistic health, and strained relationships.
In conclusion, goblin mode is a complex concept that reflects the stiff challenges and unrelenting pressures of modern life. While it can serve a form of self-care, it is important to strike a balance instead of completely breaking from societal norms. Embracing goblin mode in moderation can be a healthy way to recharge and reconnect with oneself, but it should not become a permanent way of life.
According to the passage, what is the word “moderation” in the fourth paragraph closest in meaning to?
核心觀念 本題測驗篇章脈絡中的字彙與片語語意推論(Contextual Vocabulary),以及字根字首同反義詞辨析。核心在於辨識片語「in moderation」於文脈中的語意(適度地、有節制地),並結合前後文對比與選項的語意群歸納,選出最貼切的同義替換詞。
解題方法
- 定位目標詞與文脈線索: 目標詞出現在第四段:「Embracing goblin mode in moderation can be a healthy way to recharge and reconnect with oneself, but it should not become a permanent way of life.」
- 前文線索:前一句指出「...it is important to strike a balance instead of completely breaking from societal norms.」(在完全脫離社會常軌之間「取得平衡」至關重要)。
- 後文線索:本句後段以轉折連接詞 but 強調「but it should not become a permanent way of life」(但絕不應成為永久的生活型態)。
- 由前後文可知,作者主張接納 goblin mode 必須「有所節制、適可而止、取得平衡」,不可走向極端或永久放縱。因此,「in moderation」在此指「適度地、有自制力地」。
- 比對選項詞義:
- moderation 源自形容詞 moderate(適度的、溫和的),名詞核心定義為「the quality of being moderate; restraint; avoidance of extremes or excess」(適度、克制、節制)。
- 對照四個選項:(A) Overindulgence(過度沉溺)、(C) Excess(過度)、(D) Intemperance(無節制)皆指「過量、缺乏約束」,屬於同義詞群且為反義干擾;唯有 (B) Self-control(自制、自我克制)最契合 moderation 所蘊含之「自我約束、避免過度」之意。
第 40 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
Goblin mode is a concept that has gained significant attention in recent years, particularly in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. During the coronavirus lockdown, going into goblin mode refers to enjoying being stuck at home with minimal social contacts. With the progression of the pandemic, this term gradually evolved. It eventually came to refer to a state of being where individuals embrace a more unapologetic and self-indulgent way of living, often showing no deference to societal expectations and norms.
One of the primary strengths of goblin mode is that it can serve as a form of self-care and a way to recharge. In a world that often demands constant productivity, success, and the presentation of a perfect version of oneself, goblin mode can be a liberating experience. It allows individuals to embrace their “inner goblin” and engage in activities that bring them comfort and pleasure, without the pressure to conform to societal expectations.
However, the weakness of goblin mode as a way of life are also significant. While embracing one’s inner goblin can be a form of self-care, it can also lead to unhealthy habits, seclusion, alienation and a lack of self-improvement. Completely rejecting societal norms and expectations can have negative consequences, such as development of addictions, poor holistic health, and strained relationships.
In conclusion, goblin mode is a complex concept that reflects the stiff challenges and unrelenting pressures of modern life. While it can serve a form of self-care, it is important to strike a balance instead of completely breaking from societal norms. Embracing goblin mode in moderation can be a healthy way to recharge and reconnect with oneself, but it should not become a permanent way of life.
Overall, what is the author’s view on goblin mode?
核心觀念
本題測驗「篇章主旨與作者觀點推論(Author's Perspective / Main Idea)」以及「核心論點的同義改寫(Paraphrasing)能力」。 考生需掌握標準英語論說文的「正反合(Thesis-Antithesis-Synthesis)」結構:
- 破題引介(Introduction):定義新興文化概念「哥布林模式(goblin mode)」(擺脫社會期待、放縱自我的生活狀態)。
- 正方優點(Pros):適度抽離可作為「自我照顧(self-care)」與「充電(recharge)」的途徑。
- 反方缺點(Cons):過度脫離社會常軌會帶來孤立(alienation)、成癮(addiction)與人際受損等負面衝擊。
- 結論折衷(Synthesis):作者採取中庸立場,主張應「取得平衡(strike a balance)」與「適度(in moderation)」,不可走向極端。
解題方法
- 定位結論段,鎖定作者立場: 閱讀測驗中詢問「作者整體觀點(Overall, what is the author's view...)」時,若前文分別陳述了該概念的正面價值(第二段)與潛在風險(第三段),文章的核心定調必落在末段(In conclusion...)。
- 精準抓取關鍵文句:
- 「While it can serve a form of self-care, it is important to strike a balance instead of completely breaking from societal norms.」(雖然可作為自我照顧的形式,但在個人與社會規範之間取得平衡至關重要,而非徹底與社會規範決裂。)
- 「Embracing goblin mode in moderation can be a healthy way to recharge... but it should not become a permanent way of life.」(適度進入哥布林模式是充電的健康方式,但絕不應成為永久的生活形態。)
- 比對選項並驗證同義改寫:
- 文中「strike a balance instead of completely breaking from societal norms」對應選項 (D) 的「Balancing personal autonomy with social norms」。
- 文中「avoid negative consequences (addictions, poor holistic health)」及「healthy way to recharge」對應選項 (D) 的「avoid unforeseen harms and achieve well-being」。
選項分析
- (A) 錯誤
- 原文對照:第四段明確提及「in moderation(適度)」以及「it should not become a permanent way of life(不應成為永久的生活方式)」。
- 錯誤原因:選項使用絕對化字眼「always keep this mode activated(永遠保持此模式啟動)」,完全違背作者強調「切勿長期沉溺、僅能適度為之」的告誡。