111 調查局特考三等 調查工作組(選試英文) 外國文(英文) 考古題詳解
第 一 題20 分
英翻中:
Tree planting is a process involving multiple parties, with government, businesses, and even local communities having their own ideas. Enterprises’ corporate social responsibility departments each have their own orientations, with some focusing on quantity, some on ecological regeneration, and some on interaction with the community. For example, the outdoor wearable GPS device maker Garmin, which has a factory in Taoyuan, hoped to work with local schools and communities. The company wanted to integrate environmental education into their tree planting activities, in order to build a commitment to post-planting maintenance and sustainability among local people. It is estimated that Taiwan still has room for planting an additional 2.7 million trees, not to fill all that space with trees, but rather to utilize the unique features of each piece of land.
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核心觀念
本題為民國 111 年調查局特考(三等・調查工作組)英文科之「英翻中」題型。本科評分標準以「信(忠實傳達語意)」、「達(中文通順達意)」、「雅(用字精準典雅)」為核心,特別重視考生將國際社經、科技產業與公共政策議題轉化為道地公文書與知識性中文的能力。
本題的核心評量範疇包含:
- 跨領域專業術語之掌握:涵蓋企業社會責任(CSR)、科技穿戴裝置(wearable GPS device)、生態永續(ecological regeneration, sustainability)等現代公共政策與產業名詞。
- 特殊句型結構之拆解與重組:
- 「」之附帶狀況獨立結構(Absolute Construction)。
- 平行對稱省略結構(Parallel Elliptical Structure)。
- 非限定關係代名詞子句(Non-restrictive Relative Clause)之修飾位置調整。
- 「」對比句型與不定詞表目的之語意邏輯。
- 語境轉譯能力(Contextual Translation):辨識一詞多義在特定上下文中的精確指涉,如
orientations(取向/方針)、commitment(承諾/責任感/投入程度)、room(空間/容量)。
解題方法
翻譯應採「語意切塊 句構剖析 語序重組 中文潤飾」四步驟,逐句進行精確轉譯:
第一句
原文:Tree planting is a process involving multiple parties, with government, businesses, and even local communities having their own ideas.
- 句構分析:主句為「」(),後接現在分詞片語 修飾 。後段以「」引導附帶狀況子句。
- 切入點與轉換:若將 直譯為「伴隨著……」,中文會顯得僵化。中文習慣以主謂結構並陳,故將附帶狀況直接轉化為平行的補充子句:「政府、企業乃至在地社區都各有想法」。 在公共事務中譯為「多方」或「各方利害關係人」。
第二句
原文:Enterprises’ corporate social responsibility departments each have their own orientations, with some focusing on quantity, some on ecological regeneration, and some on interaction with the community.
- 句構分析:主詞為 , 為同位語修飾主詞。後方接由 引導的省略平行結構()。
- 切入點與轉換: 為固定經貿專有名詞「企業社會責任」(CSR); 在此非指「方向指引」或「新生訓練」,而是指部門的「著眼點」、「發展取向」或「著重點」。後方平行句應使用中文對稱句型,如「有的注重……,有的著力於……,有的則強調……」。
第三句
原文:For example, the outdoor wearable GPS device maker Garmin, which has a factory in Taoyuan, hoped to work with local schools and communities.
- 句構分析:主詞為複合名詞片語 ,其後嵌入關係代名詞非限定子句 ,述語為 。
- 切入點與轉換:英文習慣將冗長的補充說明放在名詞後方,中文則習慣將簡短修飾語置於名詞之前,或獨立成句。此處將「在桃園設廠」轉化為置於公司名稱前的修飾成分:「在桃園設有廠區的戶外穿戴式 GPS 裝置製造商 Garmin」。
第四句
原文:The company wanted to integrate environmental education into their tree planting activities, in order to build a commitment to post-planting maintenance and sustainability among local people.
第 二 題30 分
英文作文:
Laughter can defuse a tense situation, but it sometimes can make the situation worse. Do you think humor is a good strategy to use to get out of a tense situation? Write an essay of 250 words to express your viewpoints.
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核心觀念
本題為民國 111 年公務人員特種考試法務部調查局調查人員考試(三等・調查工作組(選試英文))英文作文題。考選部對於此類科英文作文的評分向度包含四大指標:題旨掌握與內容發展(Content & Thesis Development)、篇章組織與連貫性(Organization & Cohesion)、字彙多樣性與精準度(Lexical Resource),以及語法結構與正確性(Grammar Range & Accuracy)。
針對「調查工作組」之職務屬性,涉外執法、情報協調及高壓人際溝通均講求客觀判斷力(discretion)與情緒智商(emotional intelligence)。命題引言「Laughter can defuse a tense situation, but it sometimes can make the situation worse」已明確點出幽默的「雙面刃(double-edged sword)」特質。因此,寫作的核心觀念在於:
- 避免非黑即白的極端立場:單純論述「幽默永遠是好策略」或「幽默絕對不可取」均顯思維扁平,難以展現成熟思辨。
- 採取「條件式贊同(Qualified Stance)」:肯定幽默在心理調節與破冰上的強大功能,但明確指出其成功取決於情境覺察(situational awareness)、幽默類型(自嘲 vs. 嘲諷)與同理心(empathy)。
解題方法
本題採取標準的議論文四段式架構(Introduction - Two Body Paragraphs - Conclusion),總目標篇幅設定在 250~280 字之間,能充分發展論點且不拖泥帶水。
- 第一段:引言與主題句(Introduction & Thesis Statement,約 70 字)
- 背景帶入:人際衝突與緊張情境不可避免,而幽默常被視為緩解緊張的本能機制。
- 承接題幹:指出笑聲雖能化解衝突,但若拿捏不當,往往火上加油。
- 核心論點(Thesis):明確表態——幽默確實是脫離緊張情境的優良策略,但其成效完全取決於高度的情緒智商、情境敏感度與同理心。
- 第二段:正面效益論述(The Constructive Power of Humor,約 70 字)
- 心理與生理機制:適時的幽默是「心理減震器(psychological shock absorber)」,共鳴的笑聲能抑制戰或逃(fight-or-flight)的防衛本能。
- 正面實踐:溫和的「自嘲(self-deprecating humor)」能展現說者的謙遜與善意,軟化對立雙方的武裝,重啟理性溝通。
- 第三段:潛在風險與界線(The Perils and Conditions of Humor,約 70 字)
- 反效果成因:幽默最大的陷阱在於「輕描淡寫嚴肅問題(trivializing serious grievances)」。
- 負面形式:充斥諷刺(sarcasm)、嘲弄(mockery)或優越感的言詞,易被解讀為輕浮不敬(flippancy),進而激化敵意。在此情境下,傾聽比幽默更為合適。
- 第四段:結論與昇華(Conclusion & Synthesis,約 55 字)
- 重申核心:幽默非萬靈丹(panacea),而是需要精準校準的高難度溝通工具。
- 總結前瞻:具備「察言觀色(read the room)」與尊重他人情操的幽默,方能化干戈為玉帛。
選項分析
本題為申論寫作題,無客觀選擇題選項。考生在考場上構思論點時,常見以下三種立論取向,分析其優劣如下:
-
取向一:全面肯定幽默(Humor is always an excellent strategy)——【不建議】
-
評析:此類寫法容易全篇流於談論笑話多麼有助於身心健康或放鬆氣氛,忽視了題幹後半句「it sometimes can make the situation worse」的警告。論述缺乏批判性深度,無法展現對高風險、嚴肅公務場合之判斷力,得分往往落在中等區間。
-
取向二:全面否定幽默(Humor should never be used in tense situations)——【不建議】
-
評析:此類寫法過度保守,將幽默等同於不嚴肅或冒犯,忽略了幽默在社交心理學上作為「破冰工具(icebreaker)」與「降低防衛心」的實證效益,論點容易陷入因噎廢食的偏狹視角。
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取向三:辯證統合之條件式贊同(Humor is effective only when calibrated with tact and empathy)——【最佳立論】
-
評析:完全呼應題幹命題,兼顧正反兩造機制。既承認幽默化解僵局的正面心理效能,又精確界定其界線與風險(區分自嘲與嘲諷),展現公職人員在面對危機處理時沉著、細緻的決策格局,為閱卷委員最為青睞的高分架構。
解題技巧
- 篇幅與時間掌控:
- 題目要求「Write an essay of 250 words」。公職考試評分標準中,字數若低於 220 字會依規定扣分;若超過 320 字則可能因擠壓翻譯題作答時間而得不償失。最佳安全長度為 250~280 字。
- 作答時間建議分配為:審題構思與大綱擬定 5 分鐘、撰寫本文 30 分鐘、最後檢查拼字與文法一致性 5 分鐘。
- 高階字彙與片語運用(提高 Lexical Resource 分數):
- 化解緊張:defuse/de-escalate tension, bridge divides, psychological shock absorber
- 正面幽默:self-deprecating remark, shared laughter, tactful wit
- 負面幽默:trivialize grievances, sarcasm and cynicism, callous flippancy
- 條件與限制:double-edged sword, read the room, finely calibrated instrument, panacea
- 語法句型變化(提高 Grammatical Range 分數):
- 適度穿插對比與讓步副詞子句(While laughter undeniably possesses... / provided that it is deployed with...)。
第 1 題1 分
The couple agreed that, whatever disagreements between them, ____ must be reached at the end of the day to ensure the everlasting love for each other.
核心觀念
本題考「字義辨析」與語意判斷。空格前後提到夫妻之間有歧見,但為了確保彼此長久相愛,最後必須達成某種結果;因此空格應填入表示「和解、和好」的名詞 reconciliation。
解題方法
先抓句子的語意脈絡:夫妻即使有不同意見,仍要在一天結束時達成一個能修復關係的結果。句型 reach reconciliation 表示「達成和解」,符合前後文。
句中的 whatever disagreements between them 意為「無論彼此之間有什麼歧見」,而 must be reached 是被動語態,空格需要填入可被「達成」的名詞。
選項分析
第 2 題1 分
He ordered two chicken sandwiches, ____ onions, and a large root beer.
核心觀念
本題考分詞作形容詞的用法。過去分詞常表示「已經受過某種處理」或「呈現某種狀態」,可放在名詞前修飾名詞。fried onions 指「炸過的洋蔥」。
解題方法
空格後接名詞 onions,前面需要能描述洋蔥的字。依一般餐點語境,fried onions 是「炸洋蔥」,符合「他點了兩份雞肉三明治、炸洋蔥和一大杯沙士」的並列點餐內容。
選項分析
- (A) frying:現在分詞,通常表示主動進行中的動作;
frying onions是「正在炸洋蔥」,不適合作為此處餐點品項的名稱。 - (B) fried:過去分詞作形容詞,表示洋蔥經過油炸處理;
第 3 題1 分
The leader’s demonstration against the government and his ____ of the law will cost him dearly.
核心觀念
本題考同義字辨析與上下文判讀。句意是:「這位領袖對抗政府的示威,以及他對法律的 ____,將使他付出慘痛代價。」空格須填入表示「抗拒、蔑視、不服從」的名詞,才能和「對抗政府」及「付出代價」的語意相呼應。
解題方法
先看搭配詞:defiance of the law 是「蔑視法律、違抗法律」,符合句意。整句的 will cost him dearly 表示「將使他付出慘痛代價」,暗示領袖做了違法或挑戰權威的事,因此選 defiance。
選項分析
- (A) division:分裂、分割、部門。division of the law 不表示違抗法律,與句意不合。
第 4 題1 分
The woman who took four people ____ inside a gas station in the downtown area has been charged with four counts of kidnapping.
核心觀念
本題考查名詞的語意與搭配。句意是:一名女子在市中心的加油站內「挾持四人」,因此被控四項綁架罪。關鍵在於 take someone hostage,意為「挾持某人作為人質」。
解題方法
先看空格前後的語意:took four people ____ inside a gas station 描述女子把四個人留在她控制之下,後面又提到 four counts of kidnapping(四項綁架罪)。因此空格應填表示「人質」的名詞,構成 take people hostage。
選項分析
- (A) apprentice:學徒。
take four people apprentice不符合句意,也不是表示挾持的搭配。
第 5 題1 分
The ____ increase in cigarette prices was intended to save lives, but the effectiveness of having smokers pay twice or three times more is still to be confirmed.
核心觀念
本題考形容詞的字義與上下文搭配。空格後接名詞 increase(增加),再由後文「吸菸者支付兩倍或三倍的價格」說明漲價幅度很大,因此空格應填表示「大幅的、可觀的」形容詞。
解題方法
先看句意:提高香菸價格的目的是拯救生命,而後文提到吸菸者要多付兩倍或三倍,表示這不是小幅調整。能自然修飾 increase、表達幅度顯著的字是 substantial,即「大幅的、可觀的」。
句意為:「香菸價格大幅上漲,原本是為了拯救生命,但讓吸菸者支付兩倍或三倍的價格是否有效,仍有待確認。」
選項分析
- (A) simulated:意為「模擬的、仿真的」。通常形容模擬情境或模擬資料,例如 a simulated environment,不表示價格漲幅大
第 6 題1 分
In this city, you can ____ own a gun if you properly register it within ten days of purchase.
核心觀念
本題考查副詞的字義,以及副詞與動詞片語的語意搭配。句意是:「在這個城市,只要在購買後十天內妥善登記,你就可以__持有槍枝。」
空格修飾動詞 own(擁有、持有),須選擇能表達「合法地」的副詞。legally 意為「合法地」,符合句意。
解題方法
先看後半句 if you properly register it within ten days of purchase,意思是「如果你在購買後十天內妥善登記」。登記是使持有槍枝符合規定的條件,因此前句應表示「可以合法持有槍枝」:
In this city, you can legally own a gun if you properly register it within ten days of purchase.
選項分析
第 7 題1 分
It is hard to defuse the ____ situation of uncontrolled immigration for the local government.
核心觀念
本題考形容詞的字義與語境搭配。句意是:「地方政府要化解不受控制的移民問題所造成的__局勢,並不容易。」關鍵在於理解 defuse(化解、緩和)與空格後 situation(局勢)的搭配。
解題方法
先判斷句意需要什麼樣的局勢:既然要「化解」,通常表示情勢緊張、危險或可能引發衝突。Explosive 除了「易爆炸的」,也可比喻「一觸即發的、極具爆炸性的」,符合上下文。
選項分析
- (A) explosive:正確。 意為「爆炸性的、一觸即發的」,常用來形容緊張或危險的局勢。the explosive situation 指「緊張且可能惡化的局勢」,與 defuse(拆除引信;比喻化解危機)形成語意呼應。
- **(B) estranged:錯誤。
第 8 題1 分
The couple needs to dismiss the recent public ____ as many people thought they shouldn’t have posted their young children’s videos online.
核心觀念
本題考辨近形字的字義,以及名詞與句意的搭配。句意是:這對夫妻需要消除近期的大眾「____」,因為許多人認為他們不該把年幼子女的影片放上網路。空格應填入表示大眾批評或指責的字。
解題方法
先看線索 as many people thought they shouldn’t have posted...:許多人認為這對夫妻不該公開孩子的影片,表示他們因此受到大眾指責。再判斷動詞 dismiss 與空格名詞的搭配:此處是「消除、駁斥大眾的指責」,故選 accusation。
選項分析
- (A) accusation(指控、指責):符合句意。public accusation 指公開指控或大眾的指責,呼應後文對夫妻行為的批評。
第 9 題1 分
In order to prove that he was not inside the house when his wife was killed last night, Jack tried to offer an ____.
核心觀念
本題考同義字與語境判斷。alibi 是「不在場證明」,指某人提出證據,證明案發時自己身處別處,因此不可能在犯罪現場。
解題方法
句意是:「為了證明昨晚妻子遇害時他不在屋內,Jack 試圖提出一項 ____。」關鍵線索是「證明案發時不在現場」,應填入表示「不在場證明」的字。
選項分析
- (A) alibi:正確。 意為「不在場證明」,符合 Jack 要證明自己案發時不在屋內的語境。
- (B) altitude:錯誤。 意為「高度、海拔」,與證明案發時所在位置無關。
第 10 題1 分
Although school cafeterias have already provided a large variety of meal options on campus, their services cannot ____ to every student’s taste.
核心觀念
本題考英文動詞的固定搭配。cater to 表示「迎合、滿足(某人的需求或喜好)」,常用於服務、產品或安排能否符合特定對象的需求。
句意是:「雖然學校餐廳已在校園提供多種餐點選擇,但服務仍無法滿足每位學生的口味。」
解題方法
先看空格後的 to every student’s taste。「符合某人的口味」可用 cater to someone’s taste 表達,因此空格應填 cater。前面的 cannot 後接原形動詞,文法也符合。
選項分析
第 11 題1 分
Socrates developed the Socratic Method to instruct his students to conduct critical and independent judgement so as to ____ the inconsistencies of Greek politics.
核心觀念
本題考查動詞字義與上下文搭配。句意是蘇格拉底設計「蘇格拉底式問答法」,教導學生進行批判且獨立的判斷,藉此__希臘政治中的矛盾。空格應填入表示「揭露、暴露」的動詞。
解題方法
先看句意脈絡:批判與獨立判斷能指出問題、讓隱藏的矛盾顯現,因此空格需要帶有「揭露」意思的動詞。再比對各選項的詞義與句意是否相符。
選項分析
- (A) expose:揭露、暴露。 符合句意。蘇格拉底式問答透過提問與推理,指出政治論述中的矛盾,因此選 A。
- (B) conceal:隱藏、掩蓋。 與批判、獨立判斷的目的相反;
第 12 題1 分
Patent protection provides people with a unique ____ for them to continue their innovation.
核心觀念
本題考「字義辨析」與常見搭配詞。句意為:「專利保護為人們提供了獨特的__,使他們得以持續創新。」空格需要填入表示「誘因、動力」的名詞。
解題方法
先看句意:專利保護能讓創作者因創新成果受到保障,而有動力繼續投入創新。因此,空格應填 incentive,常見搭配為 provide an incentive for someone to do something,意為「提供某人做某事的誘因」。
選項分析
- (A) incentive:意為「誘因、動機、獎勵」,符合專利保護促使人們持續創新的語意與搭配,正確。
- (B) indicator:意為「指標、指示物」。
第 13 題1 分
Beth went through every necessary training and license examination to become a ____ nurse so that she could work in a hospital.
核心觀念
本題考形容詞的詞義與搭配。句中提到 Beth 完成成為護理師所需的訓練與執照考試,目的是在醫院工作,因此空格應填表示「取得認證、具合格資格」的形容詞。
解題方法
先看前後文的因果關係:完成必要訓練及執照考試,是為了取得正式資格,成為能在醫院工作的護理師。符合這個意思的是 certified nurse,即「經認證的護理師」或「合格護理師」。
選項分析
- (A) patented:意為「取得專利的」,通常用於發明、技術或產品,例如 a patented device(取得專利的裝置),不形容通過執照考試的護理師。
第 14 題1 分
After months of hospitalization, the famous movie star has finally recovered from the injury and will be officially ____ by the hospital very soon.
核心觀念
本題考查近義字辨析,重點是動詞 discharge 的常見用法。用於醫療情境時,discharge a patient from the hospital 表示「讓病人出院」。
解題方法
句中提到影星住院數月,已從傷勢中康復,接著將由醫院辦理某項程序。這個情境所需的動詞是「讓病人出院」,因此空格應填 discharged。句子使用被動語態:will be + 過去分詞。
選項分析
- (A) dismissed:「解雇;駁回;解散」。可指解雇員工或駁回案件,但不表示醫院讓康復病人出院。
- (B) discarded:「丟棄;
第 15 題1 分
Research has shown that patients who listen to music would need fewer medications, stay less ____, and be more cooperative with their caregivers.
核心觀念
本題考形容詞的語意與上下文判讀。句意是:研究顯示,聽音樂的病患需要較少藥物、較不__,也更願意配合照護者。空格應填入能表達病患情緒或行為較平穩、較少躁動的形容詞。
解題方法
先抓句中的比較級 less,再看三個並列結果:need fewer medications(需要較少藥物)、stay less ____(較不……)、be more cooperative(更配合)。這些結果共同指向音樂能降低病患的躁動與不安,因此空格應填 agitated,意為「焦躁的、激動的」。
選項分析
- (A) agitated:正確。 less agitated 表示「較不焦躁、較不躁動」,符合病患聽音樂後情緒較穩定、較能配合照護的語意。
第 16 題1 分
The lotion is designed to protect and ____ even the most sensitive skin after sunburns.
核心觀念
本題考「動詞語意與搭配」。句子中的 designed to 表示「設計用來……」,空格前的 protect 與空格後的 even the most sensitive skin 都以皮膚為受詞,因此須選能與皮膚搭配、且符合曬傷後保養情境的動詞。
解題方法
先看句意:這款乳液是用來保護並__曬傷後的肌膚。protect 是「保護」,後面並列的動詞也應描述乳液對肌膚的正面作用。選項中,soothe 表示「舒緩、安撫」,可搭配皮膚、疼痛或不適,語意最合。
選項分析
- (A) soothe:舒緩、減輕不適。soothe skin 是自然搭配,符合曬傷後乳液舒緩敏感肌膚的用途,正確。
第 17 題1 分
It is such a pity that the right of way of ____ is generally overlooked by cyclists.
核心觀念
本題考單字辨義與語意判讀。句意是:「騎自行車的人通常忽視 ____ 的路權,真令人遺憾。」空格應填入「行人」,使句意通順且符合交通情境。
解題方法
先看關鍵字 right of way,意為「路權、優先通行權」;再看句尾 by cyclists,表示這種路權常被自行車騎士忽視。行人是道路使用者,因此 pedestrians(行人)最符合句意。
選項分析
第 18 題1 分
My mother always switches to a different channel upon seeing the standard content warnings: “The following program contains scenes that may be ____ to some viewers.”
核心觀念
本題考形容詞的語意與固定搭配。句中的標準警語是:「The following program contains scenes that may be ____ to some viewers.」(本節目含有某些可能使部分觀眾感到……的畫面。)空格需要填入能描述畫面對觀眾造成負面情緒或心理衝擊的形容詞。
解題方法
先看語境:母親一看到這類警語就轉換頻道,表示節目內容可能令人不安或不舒服。再確認搭配方式:disturbing to someone 表示「令某人不安、困擾、感到震撼」,正符合警語要提醒觀眾的內容。
選項分析
- (A) disturbing:正確。意為「令人不安的、令人困擾的」,常用於可能使觀眾不舒服或受衝擊的畫面;be disturbing to some viewers 搭配自然。
第 19 題1 分
In ancient times, people thought the universe was ____ rather than heliocentric; that is, the earth was the center of the universe.
核心觀念
本題考天文相關字彙與字首辨析。地心說(geocentric)認為地球是宇宙中心;日心說(heliocentric)則以太陽為中心。題幹已說明「地球是宇宙的中心」,因此應選表示「以地球為中心」的字。
解題方法
先抓住題幹中的提示:the earth was the center of the universe(地球是宇宙的中心)。再對照 heliocentric(日心的),可知空格要填的是與日心說相對的「地心的」:geocentric。
選項分析
第 20 題1 分
Brazil is a “melting pot” of many ethnic groups that immigrated there and mixed with the ____ people.
核心觀念
本題考「原住的、本土的」形容詞,以及它和其他表示「外國的、天生的」字詞之間的差異。句意是:巴西是許多移民族群匯聚、並與當地原住民族群融合的「大熔爐」。
解題方法
先看空格後的 people,再由句意判斷族群關係:移民抵達一地後,會與該地原本居住的人民融合。因此空格需要表示「原住的、本土的」,形容詞 indigenous 最符合語意與搭配。
選項分析
- (A) expatriate:指「移居國外的人;僑居外國的」,也可作形容詞表示「僑居海外的」。不表示當地原住民族群。
- (B) foreign:指「外國的、外來的」。
第 21 題1 分
Jody maintained a positive attitude at work; her calm and quiet ____ made her very popular among her clients.
核心觀念
本題考「字義判斷」與「上下文語意」。句子描述 Jody 在工作時態度正面、個性冷靜安靜,這樣的特質讓她深受客戶歡迎。空格應填入表示「個性、性情」的名詞。
解題方法
先看空格前的 calm and quiet(冷靜而安靜),這兩個形容詞是在描寫人的性情;再看句意,這種性情使她受客戶歡迎。因此,空格應選能表示「性情、脾氣、氣質」的字。
選項分析
- (A) restriction:限制、約束。通常指規則或措施上的限制,不能自然地形容一個人的「冷靜而安靜」。
- (B) fabrication:捏造、偽造;
第 22 題1 分
Having paid the fine of NT$10,000 for her violation of the traffic law, Jane was placed on ____ for two years.
核心觀念
本題考查 固定搭配詞與語境判讀。片語 be placed on probation 表示「被宣告緩刑、接受考驗」,也可指「被置於觀察期」。句中的 for two years 表示觀察期間為兩年。
解題方法
先看句意:Jane 因違反交通法規繳納新臺幣一萬元罰鍰後,接著被置於為期兩年的某種處分或狀態。空格後的 for two years 提示答案應能表示一段期間;搭配 placed on,最合適的是 probation。
選項分析
- (A) promotion:意為「升遷、晉升、促銷」,常見搭配如 get a promotion。與違規受處分及兩年觀察期的語境不合。
- (B) probation:意為「緩刑、考驗期間、觀察期」。
第 23 題1 分
The ____ organized by the truck-driver union against the government soon degenerated into violence.
核心觀念
本題考名詞的字義與語境搭配。句意是:「卡車司機工會對政府發起的__,很快演變成暴力事件。」空格應填能表示群眾抗議活動的名詞。
解題方法
先看句中的線索:organized by the truck-driver union against the government 表示由工會組織、針對政府的集體行動;soon degenerated into violence 則說明這場活動後來演變成暴力。最符合語意的是「示威、遊行抗議」demonstration。
選項分析
- (A) illustration:圖解、插圖;也可指例證。指視覺呈現或說明例子,不能表示工會對政府發起的抗議活動。
- (B) concentration:集中、專注;也可指濃度或集中聚集。
第 24 題1 分
This computer program can apply different techniques to turn existing photographs into ____ images, but they are far from the output of a creative artist.
核心觀念
本題考形容詞的字義與上下文判讀。句中 turn existing photographs into ____ images 表示「把現有照片轉變成__的圖像」;後半句提到這些圖像「遠不及創意藝術家的作品」,暗示程式產生的圖像是從既有照片衍生而來,缺乏真正的原創性。
解題方法
先看空格前的 existing photographs(既有照片)與空格後的 images(圖像),再對照後半句的 far from the output of a creative artist(遠不及創意藝術家的作品)。前後形成「以既有作品為基礎」與「創意藝術家的原創作品」之間的對比,因此選表示「衍生的、派生的」的 derivative。
全句可譯為:「這個電腦程式能運用不同技術,把現有照片轉變成衍生圖像,但這些圖像遠不及創意藝術家的作品。」
選項分析
第 25 題1 分
____ are usually good at speeches to stir up the emotions of crowds to achieve selfish ends.
核心觀念
本題考單字字義與上下文判讀。句意是:「____ 通常擅長發表演說,煽動群眾情緒,以達成自私的目的。」關鍵線索是 stir up the emotions of crowds(煽動群眾情緒)及 selfish ends(自私的目的)。
demagogue 指「煽動民心的政客、煽動者」,常以迎合或操弄群眾情緒來謀取私利,符合句意。
解題方法
先抓句中的行為特徵:主詞擅長演說,並利用演說煽動群眾,以實現自私目的。接著比對選項中,哪個詞帶有「煽動群眾」的意思,而非只描述職業、語言能力或性格。
選項分析
第 26 題1 分
The young scholar plans to ____ for about two months at a desert inn to collect climate data.
核心觀念
本題考同義字辨析與詞性搭配。句意是:「這位年輕學者計畫在一間沙漠旅館停留約兩個月,以蒐集氣候資料。」空格需要填入表示「停留、暫居」的動詞。
解題方法
先看句型:plan to ____ 中,to 後面要接原形動詞;再依後文 for about two months at a desert inn 判斷,空格要表達一段時間內住在某處。sojourn 作動詞,意為「暫居、逗留」,符合句意與搭配。
選項分析
- (A) solicit:動詞,意為「請求、徵求、招攬」,如
solicit donations(募款)。不能表示在旅館停留。
第 27 題1 分
Phonebanking is the act of gathering people to make calls ____ a cause, such as a political campaign or a donation drive.
核心觀念
本題考介系詞片語的語意與固定搭配。on behalf of 意為「代表……、為了……的利益、支持……」,常用來表示替某個人、團體或理念採取行動。
句意是:「電話募款活動是召集人們打電話,為某個理念宣傳或籌募資金的行為,例如政治競選或捐款活動。」
解題方法
先看空格後的 a cause(某個理念、事業或公益目標),再判斷整句要表達的關係:人們打電話,是為了替該理念或活動爭取支持。因此應選表示「為了……、代表……」的 on behalf of。
選項分析
- (A) in spite of:「儘管……」。表示讓步,放入句中會變成「儘管某個理念而打電話」,語意不通。
第 28 題1 分
The CEO’s daughter was ____ for not controlling expenses because she was facing a huge debt.
核心觀念
本題考四個動詞的字義與搭配。句意是「執行長的女兒因為負債龐大,未能控制開支而受到……」。空格需要能表示「因某事而受到責備或告誡」的動詞。
解題方法
先看句型:主詞 The CEO’s daughter 接 be 動詞 was,空格應填過去分詞,構成被動語態;後面的 for not controlling expenses 說明她受責備的原因。能表達「因未控制開支而受告誡」的是 admonished。
句意:執行長的女兒因為負債龐大,沒有控制開支而受到告誡。
選項分析
- (A) afforded:afford 指「負擔得起、提供、給予」,例如 can’t afford a car(買不起車)。不表示因某事受到責備,與句意不合。
- (B) affiliated:affiliate 指「使隸屬、使加入」,常見搭配為 be affiliated with(隸屬於)。
第 29 題1 分
Even though the author’s previous book was a best-seller for 12 months, her most recent work does not seem to ____ with the reader.
核心觀念
本題考英文動詞的語意與搭配。句意為:「雖然作者前一本書曾連續 12 個月暢銷,但她最近的作品似乎沒有辦法__讀者。」空格後接介系詞 with,可先留意選項中能與 with 搭配、且符合「作品引起讀者共鳴」語意的動詞。
解題方法
前後子句以 Even though 表示讓步:前一本書很成功,但最近的作品似乎不受讀者青睞。依語意,空格應填「引起共鳴、打動」;resonate with someone 表示「與某人產生共鳴、引起某人的共鳴」,符合句意與搭配。
選項分析
- (A) resist:意為「抵抗、抗拒」。常見搭配如 resist pressure(抵抗壓力),不符合「作品與讀者產生共鳴」的意思。
第 30 題1 分
Over the past few months, the world has witnessed a ____ election of which the legality or validity of the result was challenged by the losing candidate.
核心觀念
本題考形容詞 contested 的意思與搭配。句中提到落選候選人質疑選舉結果的合法性或有效性,表示這場選舉的結果「受到爭議」,因此應選 contested。
解題方法
先看空格後的關鍵線索:the legality or validity of the result was challenged by the losing candidate,意為「落選候選人質疑結果的合法性或有效性」。這說明選舉結果遭到挑戰,因此空格應填表示「有爭議的、受到質疑的」形容詞。
a contested election 是自然搭配,意指「結果受到爭議的選舉」。
選項分析
- (A) comprised:
comprise是動詞,意為「包含、由……組成」,常見用法如The team comprises five members.(團隊由五名成員組成)。
第 31 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
People are fleeing in search of food, freedom, and safety resulting from the economic and humanitarian catastrophe caused by 20 years of US occupation. In my home country of Afghanistan, winter is harsh and children are hungry. Almost every parent faces the ____ of not having enough food to feed his/her family. Across the country, 5 million children are on the brink of famine. Many young people are in despair; suicide is ____.
核心觀念
本題考「字義與上下文判斷」。第一空前有「幾乎每位父母都面臨……」,後接「沒有足夠食物養活家人」;空格應填入能表示困苦折磨的名詞。第二句提到年輕人絕望,並以「自殺是……」補充其處境。
解題方法
先抓句意,再核對選項。文中描寫阿富汗冬季嚴酷、孩童挨餓、數百萬孩童瀕臨饑荒,以及年輕人陷入絕望。第一空需要表達「缺乏食物所帶來的折磨」,因此選 torture(折磨、煎熬)。它也符合常見搭配 the torture of not having enough food。
選項分析
第 32 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
People are fleeing in search of food, freedom, and safety resulting from the economic and humanitarian catastrophe caused by 20 years of US occupation. In my home country of Afghanistan, winter is harsh and children are hungry. Almost every parent faces the ____ of not having enough food to feed his/her family. Across the country, 5 million children are on the brink of famine. Many young people are in despair; suicide is ____.
核心觀念
本題考固定搭配與語意判斷。句子描述年輕人陷入絕望,空格後的 suicide 指「自殺」,應選能表示自殺事件正在增加的片語。常見搭配是 suicide is on the rise,意為「自殺情況正在上升/日益增加」。
解題方法
先看空格所在句的主詞與語意:Many young people are in despair; suicide is ____. 前半句說許多年輕人陷入絕望,後半句接續描述自殺的趨勢,因此要選表示「增加、上升」的片語。
選項分析
- (A) on the surface:意為「在表面上;表面看來」。不表示數量或趨勢增加,與句意不合。
- (B) at the edge:意為「在邊緣」。
第 33 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
After 20 years of US occupation, my country has been left in ____. The US and its allies did nothing to develop Afghanistan. We were made into a dependency, relying on flows of humanitarian aid rather than building our own economic capacities. The evidence? Our current economic collapse and the followed humanitarian catastrophe.
核心觀念
本題考慣用語與上下文語意。句中的 be left in ruins 是固定搭配,意為「被留在廢墟之中」,也可引申為「陷入崩壞、破敗的處境」。
解題方法
先看空格前的 After 20 years of US occupation(美國占領 20 年後),再讀後文提到的經濟崩潰與人道災難。整段是在描述阿富汗遭受嚴重破壞、經濟能力未獲發展的困境,因此空格應填入表示「廢墟」的 ruins。句型為:
leave + 受詞 + in ruins 使某地/某物陷入破敗、毀壞的狀態
選項分析
第 34 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
Biden may have withdrawn the US military, but he has refused responsibility for America’s ____ in our country. ____, he has added great insult to profound injury by stealing our scarce financial resources. His actions will make the bread queues longer and the number of children dying of painful hunger greater. This crime against humanity should never be forgotten.
核心觀念
本題考四個外形相近的 inter- 字首名詞的字義辨析,以及它們與上下文的搭配。空格後接 in our country,前文提及美軍撤離、拒絕承擔責任,後文則指責竊取該國稀少的財政資源,語意都指向美國對該國的「介入」。
解題方法
先讀空格前後的語意:句子在批評美國對該國造成的影響與傷害,因此空格應填入表示「介入、干預」的名詞。intervention 可指一國介入另一國事務或局勢,符合 America’s intervention in our country(美國對我國的介入)。
第二句開頭 Furthermore(此外)承接前句,繼續補充對美國行為的控訴;後文的 stealing our scarce financial resources 也與「介入」的語境相連。
選項分析
第 35 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
Biden may have withdrawn the US military, but he has refused responsibility for America’s intervention in our country. ____, he has added great insult to profound injury by stealing our scarce financial resources. His actions will make the bread queues longer and the number of children dying of painful hunger greater. This crime against humanity should never be forgotten.
核心觀念
本題考查語意銜接與轉折副詞。空格後的 he has added great insult to profound injury,進一步指出拜登在拒絕承擔介入責任之外,又凍結或挪用稀少的金融資源,使原本的傷害雪上加霜。前後句是「已有的傷害之外,又增加另一層傷害」的關係。
解題方法
先看空格前後的意思:前句說拜登撤出美軍,卻拒絕為美國介入該國負責;後句則說他還取走當地稀少的金融資源,造成更嚴重的後果。add insult to injury 是「雪上加霜、使傷害更嚴重」的慣用語,前面的連接詞應呈現「反而、此外更甚」的語意。
選項分析
- (A) In case:意為「以防、萬一」。通常用於預防某事的情境,例如 Take an umbrella in case it rains.,與此處「再
第 36 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
We often read in novels how a seemingly respectable person or family has some terrible secret which has been concealed from strangers for years. The English language possesses a vivid saying to describe this kind of situation. The terrible secret is called “a skeleton in the cupboard.” At some dramatic moment, the terrible story becomes known and a reputation is ruined. The reader’s hair stands on end when he reads the final pages of the novel that the heroine, a dear old lady who had been always so kind to everybody, had, in her youth, poisoned every one of her five husbands.
It is all very well for such things to occur in fiction. To varying degrees, we all have secrets which we do not want even our closest friends to learn, but few of us have “a skeleton in the cupboard.” The only person I know who has a skeleton in the cupboard is George Carlton, and he is very proud of the fact. George studied medicine in his youth. Instead of becoming a doctor, however, he became a successful writer of detective stories. I once spent an uncomfortable weekend, which I shall never forget, at his house. George showed me to the guest-room which, he said, was rarely used. He told me to unpack my things and then come down to dinner. After I had stacked my shirts and underclothes in two empty drawers, I decided to hang in the cupboard one of my two suits I had brought with me. I opened the cupboard door and then stood in front of it petrified. A skeleton was dangling before my eyes. The sudden movement of the door made it sway slightly and it gave me the impression that it was about to leap out at me. Dropping my suit, I dashed downstairs to tell George. This was worse than “a terrible secret”; this was a real skeleton! However, George was unsympathetic. “Oh, that,” he said with a smile as if he were talking about an old friend. “That’s Sebastian. You forget that I was a medical student once upon a time.”
Which of the following has the closest meaning to the word “petrified”?
核心觀念
本題考查字義判斷,要依照單字所在的語境,找出與 petrified 意思最接近的選項。petrified 除了「石化的」,也可形容人因恐懼或震驚而「嚇呆的、驚呆的」。
解題方法
文中敘述作者打開衣櫥門後,發現眼前吊著一具骷髏,接著寫道骷髏隨著門的動作微微搖晃,讓作者以為它要跳出來。這樣的情境使作者受到驚嚇,因而「僵在原地」。所以 petrified 在文中是「嚇呆、驚呆」的意思,最接近 shocked。
選項分析
第 37 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
We often read in novels how a seemingly respectable person or family has some terrible secret which has been concealed from strangers for years. The English language possesses a vivid saying to describe this kind of situation. The terrible secret is called “a skeleton in the cupboard.” At some dramatic moment, the terrible story becomes known and a reputation is ruined. The reader’s hair stands on end when he reads the final pages of the novel that the heroine, a dear old lady who had been always so kind to everybody, had, in her youth, poisoned every one of her five husbands.
It is all very well for such things to occur in fiction. To varying degrees, we all have secrets which we do not want even our closest friends to learn, but few of us have “a skeleton in the cupboard.” The only person I know who has a skeleton in the cupboard is George Carlton, and he is very proud of the fact. George studied medicine in his youth. Instead of becoming a doctor, however, he became a successful writer of detective stories. I once spent an uncomfortable weekend, which I shall never forget, at his house. George showed me to the guest-room which, he said, was rarely used. He told me to unpack my things and then come down to dinner. After I had stacked my shirts and underclothes in two empty drawers, I decided to hang in the cupboard one of my two suits I had brought with me. I opened the cupboard door and then stood in front of it petrified. A skeleton was dangling before my eyes. The sudden movement of the door made it sway slightly and it gave me the impression that it was about to leap out at me. Dropping my suit, I dashed downstairs to tell George. This was worse than “a terrible secret”; this was a real skeleton! However, George was unsympathetic. “Oh, that,” he said with a smile as if he were talking about an old friend. “That’s Sebastian. You forget that I was a medical student once upon a time.”
What was the most frightening thing about the writer’s experience?
核心觀念
本題考查細節理解:根據作者親身經歷,判斷他覺得最令人害怕的是什麼。解題時要區分故事中的比喻 “a skeleton in the cupboard”(不可告人的祕密)與衣櫃裡實際出現的骷髏。
解題方法
先定位作者發現骷髏時的反應:他打開衣櫃後「僵立在原地」,骷髏在眼前搖晃,令他以為它要撲向自己;他隨即丟下西裝,衝下樓告訴 George。這些描述直接指出,最令作者害怕的是衣櫃裡掛著一具骷髏的景象。
選項分析
-
(A) Discovering the skeleton of an old friend. 錯誤。作者沒有發現一位老朋友的骸骨;George 只是把骷髏取名為 Sebastian,並非說那是他的朋友。
-
(B) The sight of a skeleton hanging in the cupboard. 正確。作者打開衣櫃,看見骷髏懸掛在眼前,當場嚇得僵住,還丟下西裝衝下樓。這最符合他的驚恐反應。
第 38 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
We often read in novels how a seemingly respectable person or family has some terrible secret which has been concealed from strangers for years. The English language possesses a vivid saying to describe this kind of situation. The terrible secret is called “a skeleton in the cupboard.” At some dramatic moment, the terrible story becomes known and a reputation is ruined. The reader’s hair stands on end when he reads the final pages of the novel that the heroine, a dear old lady who had been always so kind to everybody, had, in her youth, poisoned every one of her five husbands.
It is all very well for such things to occur in fiction. To varying degrees, we all have secrets which we do not want even our closest friends to learn, but few of us have “a skeleton in the cupboard.” The only person I know who has a skeleton in the cupboard is George Carlton, and he is very proud of the fact. George studied medicine in his youth. Instead of becoming a doctor, however, he became a successful writer of detective stories. I once spent an uncomfortable weekend, which I shall never forget, at his house. George showed me to the guest-room which, he said, was rarely used. He told me to unpack my things and then come down to dinner. After I had stacked my shirts and underclothes in two empty drawers, I decided to hang in the cupboard one of my two suits I had brought with me. I opened the cupboard door and then stood in front of it petrified. A skeleton was dangling before my eyes. The sudden movement of the door made it sway slightly and it gave me the impression that it was about to leap out at me. Dropping my suit, I dashed downstairs to tell George. This was worse than “a terrible secret”; this was a real skeleton! However, George was unsympathetic. “Oh, that,” he said with a smile as if he were talking about an old friend. “That’s Sebastian. You forget that I was a medical student once upon a time.”
According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?
核心觀念
本題考閱讀理解與片語的字面義、比喻義辨析。“a skeleton in the cupboard” 是英文慣用語,指某人或某家庭不願讓外人知道的祕密;文中又安排了一具真正放在衣櫥裡的骨骼,讓片語的比喻義與字面義形成對照。
解題方法
先掌握文章的轉折:作者原以為喬治家中有「不可告人的祕密」,打開衣櫥後卻真的看見一具懸掛的骨骼。喬治解釋,那是他取名為 Sebastian 的骨骼,與他年輕時讀醫學有關。
因此,作者遇到的 “a skeleton in the cupboard” 不是比喻性的祕密,而是字面上放在衣櫥裡的骨骼。題目問哪個敘述正確,應選能對應這段情節的選項。
選項分析
(A) Every medical student keeps a skeleton in the cupboard in secret. 錯誤。文章只提到喬治年輕時讀過醫學,且他把骨骼放在衣櫥裡;沒有說每位醫學生都會這樣做,也沒有說喬治是偷偷收藏。
(B) People who have skeletons in their cupboards are very proud of the fact. 錯誤。
第 39 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
We often read in novels how a seemingly respectable person or family has some terrible secret which has been concealed from strangers for years. The English language possesses a vivid saying to describe this kind of situation. The terrible secret is called “a skeleton in the cupboard.” At some dramatic moment, the terrible story becomes known and a reputation is ruined. The reader’s hair stands on end when he reads the final pages of the novel that the heroine, a dear old lady who had been always so kind to everybody, had, in her youth, poisoned every one of her five husbands.
It is all very well for such things to occur in fiction. To varying degrees, we all have secrets which we do not want even our closest friends to learn, but few of us have “a skeleton in the cupboard.” The only person I know who has a skeleton in the cupboard is George Carlton, and he is very proud of the fact. George studied medicine in his youth. Instead of becoming a doctor, however, he became a successful writer of detective stories. I once spent an uncomfortable weekend, which I shall never forget, at his house. George showed me to the guest-room which, he said, was rarely used. He told me to unpack my things and then come down to dinner. After I had stacked my shirts and underclothes in two empty drawers, I decided to hang in the cupboard one of my two suits I had brought with me. I opened the cupboard door and then stood in front of it petrified. A skeleton was dangling before my eyes. The sudden movement of the door made it sway slightly and it gave me the impression that it was about to leap out at me. Dropping my suit, I dashed downstairs to tell George. This was worse than “a terrible secret”; this was a real skeleton! However, George was unsympathetic. “Oh, that,” he said with a smile as if he were talking about an old friend. “That’s Sebastian. You forget that I was a medical student once upon a time.”
Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?
核心觀念
本題考英文標題判斷,重點是掌握文章主旨,並辨別標題中的動詞是否符合文章情節。文中的 a skeleton in the cupboard 原本是「不可告人的祕密」的慣用語;故事接著利用字面意思製造反差:作者打開衣櫥,真的看見一具骨骸。
解題方法
先看文章的轉折與結尾:前段談的是小說中隱藏祕密的比喻,後段敘述作者在 George 家打開衣櫥,意外遇見真實的骨骸 Sebastian。George 解釋自己曾是醫學生,因而把骨骸留在衣櫥裡。
因此,最能概括全文的標題應同時扣住「衣櫥裡的骨骸」以及作者親眼遇見它的情節。選項中的 encounter 是「遇見、遭遇」,正好描述故事的核心事件。
選項分析
- (A) Bust a Skeleton in a Cupboard. bust 有打破、揭穿等意思。文章沒有打破骨骸或揭發隱藏祕密的情節,故不適合。
第 40 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
We often read in novels how a seemingly respectable person or family has some terrible secret which has been concealed from strangers for years. The English language possesses a vivid saying to describe this kind of situation. The terrible secret is called “a skeleton in the cupboard.” At some dramatic moment, the terrible story becomes known and a reputation is ruined. The reader’s hair stands on end when he reads the final pages of the novel that the heroine, a dear old lady who had been always so kind to everybody, had, in her youth, poisoned every one of her five husbands.
It is all very well for such things to occur in fiction. To varying degrees, we all have secrets which we do not want even our closest friends to learn, but few of us have “a skeleton in the cupboard.” The only person I know who has a skeleton in the cupboard is George Carlton, and he is very proud of the fact. George studied medicine in his youth. Instead of becoming a doctor, however, he became a successful writer of detective stories. I once spent an uncomfortable weekend, which I shall never forget, at his house. George showed me to the guest-room which, he said, was rarely used. He told me to unpack my things and then come down to dinner. After I had stacked my shirts and underclothes in two empty drawers, I decided to hang in the cupboard one of my two suits I had brought with me. I opened the cupboard door and then stood in front of it petrified. A skeleton was dangling before my eyes. The sudden movement of the door made it sway slightly and it gave me the impression that it was about to leap out at me. Dropping my suit, I dashed downstairs to tell George. This was worse than “a terrible secret”; this was a real skeleton! However, George was unsympathetic. “Oh, that,” he said with a smile as if he were talking about an old friend. “That’s Sebastian. You forget that I was a medical student once upon a time.”
According to this passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?
核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解與細節判斷。作答時要區分文章中的慣用語和字面事件:
- a skeleton in the cupboard 原指「不可告人的秘密」。
- 文中的 George 家裡則真的有一具骨骼;他以 Sebastian 稱呼它,並說那是自己當醫學生時留下的。
解題方法
題目問哪一項 NOT true,逐項回到原文核對人物關係與事件,不要只根據選項措辭推論。
關鍵句是 George 說:「That’s Sebastian. You forget that I was a medical student once upon a time.」這表示他把骨骼稱為 Sebastian,並以自己曾是醫學生解釋骨骼的來歷;文章沒有說 Sebastian 是 George 的老朋友。