114 調查局特考三等 調查工作組(選試英文) 外國文（英文） 考古題詳解

請將以下英文翻譯成中文：

Probably the most significant correctional developments of the late 19th century were probation and parole. Under probation, the sentence of a selected convicted criminal is suspended if the criminal promises to behave well and meets certain specific requirements. Parole involves conditional release from confinement after part of a sentence has already been served. It is granted only if the prisoner seems to have changed into an honest and trustworthy person.

Some people say that the main reason for learning a foreign language is to travel or work in a foreign country. Some say that these are other important reasons. Write an essay of approximately 250 words to discuss both views and give your opinion. You may include relevant examples from your own knowledge or experiences.

Knowledge may be power, but the ____ is not necessarily true.

The governor’s speech was moving, but it lacked in ____.

How can analytic learners ____ their language learning skills using structure and rules?

Bangkok Bank is expected to ____ ahead of most Thai stocks after the recent financial crisis.

The report offers a(n) ____ third-quarter growth estimate due to global market uncertainty.

The CEO asked the manager to ____ on his proposal, seeking clarity on the outcomes and timeline.

As tax season approached, the accountant became increasingly ____ by the workload.

The ____ on her face indicated that a fight had occurred the previous night.

Watch your step, or you’ll ____ on a rock.

The course description states that attendance at all lectures is ____.

After the introduction of new high-yield crops, the country’s population ____.

All her attempts to open the box were ____; it was sealed with a highly complex lock.

Drinking in ____ can be good for one’s health, especially when it involves red wine and heart health.

Some people believe that a(n) ____ posture is a sign of good breeding.

The mayoral candidate ____ defeat as soon as the final election results were announced.

The ____ that Jim had once been a car thief forced him to leave town immediately.

Little kids tend to ____ their fears, sometimes to the point of making themselves sick.

Along with his cinematic accomplishments, the actor was ____ for his humanitarian works.

The criminal managed to ____ the police by slipping into the crowd.

According to the branch manager, the bank completed more than a hundred ____ a day.

The long working hours and heavy responsibilities of the new job ____ him down tremendously.

Betty will have to ____ some frightening truths about her Stage 1 lung cancer.

Many people believe that the death penalty is the severest punishment ____ on a murderer.

Immunization ____ against fatal diseases has increased to 99% in some countries.

In this country, international students with minor violations, including traffic ____, would have their visas terminated.

Sherlock Holmes was known for using his power of ____ to solve the most perplexing crimes.

The child was filled with guilt and ____ for lying to her mother.

The security checks at this major port are well-known for their ____ rules and thorough inspections.

The committee ____ in the chamber every May to review company progress and set goals.

The attentive postal clerk is always ____ about keeping records organized and up to date.

【題組共用題幹】

Most ethical issues faced by doctors arise at the end of a patient’s life. This particularly applies to respiratory physicians, where difficult decisions about the appropriateness of treatment and the prolongation of life in patients ____ chronic underlying lung diseases may need to be made. In some situations artificial ventilation may prolong the dying process, but life has a natural end and the potential to prolong life in the intensive care unit can sometimes ____ dilemmas.

The General Medical Council in the UK states that doctors have an obligation to respect human life, protect the health of their patients, and put their patients’ best interests first. This means ____ treatment where the benefits outweigh any risks, and avoiding treatments that carry no net gain to the patient. If a patient wishes to have a treatment that in the doctor’s view is not indicated, the doctor and medical team are under no ethical or legal ____ to provide it (though the patient’s right to a second opinion must be respected).

When it is determined that the treatment is not in the best interests of the patient, there is no ethical distinction between withholding and withdrawing treatment. This principle may be used to ____ the decision not to initiate the treatment. In such cases, the focus should shift to providing comfort and supportive care.

In patients ____ chronic underlying lung diseases may need to be made.

【題組共用題幹】

Most ethical issues faced by doctors arise at the end of a patient’s life. This particularly applies to respiratory physicians, where difficult decisions about the appropriateness of treatment and the prolongation of life in patients with chronic underlying lung diseases may need to be made. In some situations artificial ventilation may prolong the dying process, but life has a natural end and the potential to prolong life in the intensive care unit can sometimes ____ dilemmas.

The General Medical Council in the UK states that doctors have an obligation to respect human life, protect the health of their patients, and put their patients’ best interests first. This means ____ treatment where the benefits outweigh any risks, and avoiding treatments that carry no net gain to the patient. If a patient wishes to have a treatment that in the doctor’s view is not indicated, the doctor and medical team are under no ethical or legal ____ to provide it (though the patient’s right to a second opinion must be respected).

When it is determined that the treatment is not in the best interests of the patient, there is no ethical distinction between withholding and withdrawing treatment. This principle may be used to ____ the decision not to initiate the treatment. In such cases, the focus should shift to providing comfort and supportive care.

The potential to prolong life in the intensive care unit can sometimes ____ dilemmas.

【題組共用題幹】

Most ethical issues faced by doctors arise at the end of a patient’s life. This particularly applies to respiratory physicians, where difficult decisions about the appropriateness of treatment and the prolongation of life in patients with chronic underlying lung diseases may need to be made. In some situations artificial ventilation may prolong the dying process, but life has a natural end and the potential to prolong life in the intensive care unit can sometimes cause dilemmas.

The General Medical Council in the UK states that doctors have an obligation to respect human life, protect the health of their patients, and put their patients’ best interests first. This means ____ treatment where the benefits outweigh any risks, and avoiding treatments that carry no net gain to the patient. If a patient wishes to have a treatment that in the doctor’s view is not indicated, the doctor and medical team are under no ethical or legal ____ to provide it (though the patient’s right to a second opinion must be respected).

When it is determined that the treatment is not in the best interests of the patient, there is no ethical distinction between withholding and withdrawing treatment. This principle may be used to ____ the decision not to initiate the treatment. In such cases, the focus should shift to providing comfort and supportive care.

This means ____ treatment where the benefits outweigh any risks.

【題組共用題幹】

Most ethical issues faced by doctors arise at the end of a patient’s life. This particularly applies to respiratory physicians, where difficult decisions about the appropriateness of treatment and the prolongation of life in patients with chronic underlying lung diseases may need to be made. In some situations artificial ventilation may prolong the dying process, but life has a natural end and the potential to prolong life in the intensive care unit can sometimes cause dilemmas.

The General Medical Council in the UK states that doctors have an obligation to respect human life, protect the health of their patients, and put their patients’ best interests first. This means offering treatment where the benefits outweigh any risks, and avoiding treatments that carry no net gain to the patient. If a patient wishes to have a treatment that in the doctor’s view is not indicated, the doctor and medical team are under no ethical or legal ____ to provide it (though the patient’s right to a second opinion must be respected).

When it is determined that the treatment is not in the best interests of the patient, there is no ethical distinction between withholding and withdrawing treatment. This principle may be used to ____ the decision not to initiate the treatment. In such cases, the focus should shift to providing comfort and supportive care.

The doctor and medical team are under no ethical or legal ____ to provide the treatment.

【題組共用題幹】

Most ethical issues faced by doctors arise at the end of a patient’s life. This particularly applies to respiratory physicians, where difficult decisions about the appropriateness of treatment and the prolongation of life in patients with chronic underlying lung diseases may need to be made. In some situations artificial ventilation may prolong the dying process, but life has a natural end and the potential to prolong life in the intensive care unit can sometimes cause dilemmas.

The General Medical Council in the UK states that doctors have an obligation to respect human life, protect the health of their patients, and put their patients’ best interests first. This means offering treatment where the benefits outweigh any risks, and avoiding treatments that carry no net gain to the patient. If a patient wishes to have a treatment that in the doctor’s view is not indicated, the doctor and medical team are under no ethical or legal obligation to provide it (though the patient’s right to a second opinion must be respected).

When it is determined that the treatment is not in the best interests of the patient, there is no ethical distinction between withholding and withdrawing treatment. This principle may be used to ____ the decision not to initiate the treatment. In such cases, the focus should shift to providing comfort and supportive care.

This principle may be used to ____ the decision not to initiate the treatment.

【題組共用題幹】

Throughout the history of life, there have been many major upheavals in which whole groups of animals were replaced by others. Perhaps the most famous was the replacement of dinosaurs by mammals about 65 million years ago. Another major change occurred roughly 150 million years earlier, when dinosaurs assumed dominance that had been held for about 80 million years by mammal-like reptiles.

What triggered these great upheavals? Scientific thinking about the factors responsible for these replacements has itself changed with significant shifts. At times, scientists suggested that mammals caused dinosaur extinction by eating eggs or competing for the same food resources. However, most researchers now agree that mammals played at most a minor role—since both groups coexisted for millions of years—and that environmental change was primarily responsible. Mammals apparently remained small and inconspicuous in the Mesozoic undergrowth for some 150 million years, until the extinction of dinosaurs gave them the opportunity to radiate into available niches.

In what chronological order did the animal groups mentioned in the passage assume dominance?

【題組共用題幹】

Throughout the history of life, there have been many major upheavals in which whole groups of animals were replaced by others. Perhaps the most famous was the replacement of dinosaurs by mammals about 65 million years ago. Another major change occurred roughly 150 million years earlier, when dinosaurs assumed dominance that had been held for about 80 million years by mammal-like reptiles.

What triggered these great upheavals? Scientific thinking about the factors responsible for these replacements has itself changed with significant shifts. At times, scientists suggested that mammals caused dinosaur extinction by eating eggs or competing for the same food resources. However, most researchers now agree that mammals played at most a minor role—since both groups coexisted for millions of years—and that environmental change was primarily responsible. Mammals apparently remained small and inconspicuous in the Mesozoic undergrowth for some 150 million years, until the extinction of dinosaurs gave them the opportunity to radiate into available niches.

According to the passage, how many millions of years did the dinosaurs remain dominant?

【題組共用題幹】

Throughout the history of life, there have been many major upheavals in which whole groups of animals were replaced by others. Perhaps the most famous was the replacement of dinosaurs by mammals about 65 million years ago. Another major change occurred roughly 150 million years earlier, when dinosaurs assumed dominance that had been held for about 80 million years by mammal-like reptiles.

What triggered these great upheavals? Scientific thinking about the factors responsible for these replacements has itself changed with significant shifts. At times, scientists suggested that mammals caused dinosaur extinction by eating eggs or competing for the same food resources. However, most researchers now agree that mammals played at most a minor role—since both groups coexisted for millions of years—and that environmental change was primarily responsible. Mammals apparently remained small and inconspicuous in the Mesozoic undergrowth for some 150 million years, until the extinction of dinosaurs gave them the opportunity to radiate into available niches.

What does the author imply about scientific theories at the beginning of the second paragraph?

【題組共用題幹】

Throughout the history of life, there have been many major upheavals in which whole groups of animals were replaced by others. Perhaps the most famous was the replacement of dinosaurs by mammals about 65 million years ago. Another major change occurred roughly 150 million years earlier, when dinosaurs assumed dominance that had been held for about 80 million years by mammal-like reptiles.

What triggered these great upheavals? Scientific thinking about the factors responsible for these replacements has itself changed with significant shifts. At times, scientists suggested that mammals caused dinosaur extinction by eating eggs or competing for the same food resources. However, most researchers now agree that mammals played at most a minor role—since both groups coexisted for millions of years—and that environmental change was primarily responsible. Mammals apparently remained small and inconspicuous in the Mesozoic undergrowth for some 150 million years, until the extinction of dinosaurs gave them the opportunity to radiate into available niches.

According to the passage, what does the idea that mammals had an opportunity to radiate into available niches imply?

【題組共用題幹】

Throughout the history of life, there have been many major upheavals in which whole groups of animals were replaced by others. Perhaps the most famous was the replacement of dinosaurs by mammals about 65 million years ago. Another major change occurred roughly 150 million years earlier, when dinosaurs assumed dominance that had been held for about 80 million years by mammal-like reptiles.

What triggered these great upheavals? Scientific thinking about the factors responsible for these replacements has itself changed with significant shifts. At times, scientists suggested that mammals caused dinosaur extinction by eating eggs or competing for the same food resources. However, most researchers now agree that mammals played at most a minor role—since both groups coexisted for millions of years—and that environmental change was primarily responsible. Mammals apparently remained small and inconspicuous in the Mesozoic undergrowth for some 150 million years, until the extinction of dinosaurs gave them the opportunity to radiate into available niches.

According to the passage, which of the following statement is true?