115 外交特考三等 外交領事人員類科英文組一 外國文(含新聞書信撰寫與編譯)(英文) 考古題詳解

請閱讀下列短文，並根據文章內容，以英文提出具體分析與論述。

As economies diversify and the competition for markets and investment becomes a growing trend, economists and policymakers increasingly see the benefits of opening up their economy to trade and foreign investment. The need to open markets is becoming increasingly apparent to developing nations, and leaders have sought to convince their people and industries of this need. As one economist noted, deregulating the economy may be the only way to dismantle the monopolies and oligopolies controlled by families and cronies.

Emerging economies, however, face a dilemma. While they are so eager to attract foreign investment and technology transfer in order to become more globally competitive, they are obligated to protect their infant industries.

One of the red flags that leaders must keep it in mind that economic growth is not an objective itself. Rather, the goal is to ensure the reciprocal impact of economic developments on enhancing the quality of life of their own people.

Essay Question: Based on the short passage, write a brief critical response sharing your perspective. In this essay, you should clearly state your stance, analyze critically and support your view with concrete example(s) or logical reasoning. Do not repeat what is in the passage. (350-400 words)

請將下列中文短文翻譯成英文。

日益加劇的社會與政治兩極化，對民主體制造成極大壓力；極端主義的社會、文化及政治運動，也不斷挑戰制度的韌性與大眾的信任。不平等被視為是環環相扣的全球危機之一。民怨與根深蒂固的權力之間的越發衝突，反映出人們對傳統治理體制的失望，令許多人有強力疏離感，並且越來越懷疑政策制定是否能為生活帶來實質的改善。雪上加霜的是，錯誤和虛假新聞已成為另一個嚴重的全球問題。在事實被操弄與被捏造的情況下，完整的民主參與也面臨巨大挑戰。

請將下列英文短文翻譯成中文。

There are two types of arguments reverberate through debates about what money should and should not buy. Consider organ trade. Those who say no argue that such markets prey upon the needy, whose choice to sell their organs occurs under financial duress. Or others may argue that such markets normalize an ethically flawed view of organs as commodities, rendering the human person as a collection of spare parts. Meanwhile, it is worth clarifying these two arguments for the moral limits of markets. The first objection points to the injustice that can arise when people buy and sell things under conditions of inequality or dire economic necessity; hence a person’s agreement may not really be voluntary. They may be unfairly coerced by their situation. The other objection points to the degrading effect of market valuation. According to this objection, certain moral and civic values are diminished or corrupted if bought and sold. Putting a price tag on human organs undermines the sanctity of human life. Organ sales will remain ethically controversial.

Researchers found that AI chatbots have a tendency to present false information as truth, so when a given sentence sounds ____, it may not guarantee its factuality.

Only a handful of the most skilled athletes were accepted into the country’s ____ training program.

She could clearly ____ the tension in the meeting room the moment she walked in.

The election campaign has entered its final and ____ phase.

Because of ignoring the safety rules and lacking proper training, Mark ____ a serious injury that required weeks of treatment and physical therapy.

To enhance local tourism and support small businesses, some cities provide ____ highlighting their famous landmarks, local cuisine, and popular tourist attractions for visitors.

When seeing her favorite idol, she became so ____; her eyes sparkled, her hands moved excitedly, and her voice got louder with enthusiasm.

Despite studying all night, Sarah couldn’t ____ the information; by the time the test started, her mind went blank.

She gave a(n) ____ nod of approval, barely noticeable but enough to convey her agreement.

The government is trying to ____ air pollution by encouraging people to use public transportation instead of cars.

【題組共用題幹】

There are a thousand little facts connected with dogs which all tend to develop their character. For instance, everyone knows the ____ of dogs for warmth, and that they never appear more ____ than when reposing on the rug before a good fire. If, however, I quit the room, my dog leaves his warm berth, and places himself at the door, where he can better hear my footsteps, and be ready to greet me when I re-enter. If I am preparing to take a walk, my dog is instantly aware of my intention. He frisks and jumps about, and is all eagerness to accompany me. If I am thoughtful or ____, he appears to sympathize with me. ____, when I am disposed to be merry, he shows by his manner that he rejoices with me. Furthermore, I have often watched the effect which a change in my countenance would produce. If I ____ or look severe, but without saying a word or uttering a sound, the effect is instantly seen by the ears dropping, and the eyes showing unhappiness, together with a doubtful movement of the tail.

11. For instance, everyone knows the ____ of dogs for warmth.

【題組共用題幹】

There are a thousand little facts connected with dogs which all tend to develop their character. For instance, everyone knows the ____ of dogs for warmth, and that they never appear more ____ than when reposing on the rug before a good fire. If, however, I quit the room, my dog leaves his warm berth, and places himself at the door, where he can better hear my footsteps, and be ready to greet me when I re-enter. If I am preparing to take a walk, my dog is instantly aware of my intention. He frisks and jumps about, and is all eagerness to accompany me. If I am thoughtful or ____, he appears to sympathize with me. ____, when I am disposed to be merry, he shows by his manner that he rejoices with me. Furthermore, I have often watched the effect which a change in my countenance would produce. If I ____ or look severe, but without saying a word or uttering a sound, the effect is instantly seen by the ears dropping, and the eyes showing unhappiness, together with a doubtful movement of the tail.

12. They never appear more ____ than when reposing on the rug before a good fire.

【題組共用題幹】

There are a thousand little facts connected with dogs which all tend to develop their character. For instance, everyone knows the ____ of dogs for warmth, and that they never appear more ____ than when reposing on the rug before a good fire. If, however, I quit the room, my dog leaves his warm berth, and places himself at the door, where he can better hear my footsteps, and be ready to greet me when I re-enter. If I am preparing to take a walk, my dog is instantly aware of my intention. He frisks and jumps about, and is all eagerness to accompany me. If I am thoughtful or ____, he appears to sympathize with me. ____, when I am disposed to be merry, he shows by his manner that he rejoices with me. Furthermore, I have often watched the effect which a change in my countenance would produce. If I ____ or look severe, but without saying a word or uttering a sound, the effect is instantly seen by the ears dropping, and the eyes showing unhappiness, together with a doubtful movement of the tail.

13. If I am thoughtful or ____, he appears to sympathize with me.

【題組共用題幹】

There are a thousand little facts connected with dogs which all tend to develop their character. For instance, everyone knows the ____ of dogs for warmth, and that they never appear more ____ than when reposing on the rug before a good fire. If, however, I quit the room, my dog leaves his warm berth, and places himself at the door, where he can better hear my footsteps, and be ready to greet me when I re-enter. If I am preparing to take a walk, my dog is instantly aware of my intention. He frisks and jumps about, and is all eagerness to accompany me. If I am thoughtful or ____, he appears to sympathize with me. ____, when I am disposed to be merry, he shows by his manner that he rejoices with me. Furthermore, I have often watched the effect which a change in my countenance would produce. If I ____ or look severe, but without saying a word or uttering a sound, the effect is instantly seen by the ears dropping, and the eyes showing unhappiness, together with a doubtful movement of the tail.

14. ____, when I am disposed to be merry, he shows by his manner that he rejoices with me.

【題組共用題幹】

There are a thousand little facts connected with dogs which all tend to develop their character. For instance, everyone knows the ____ of dogs for warmth, and that they never appear more ____ than when reposing on the rug before a good fire. If, however, I quit the room, my dog leaves his warm berth, and places himself at the door, where he can better hear my footsteps, and be ready to greet me when I re-enter. If I am preparing to take a walk, my dog is instantly aware of my intention. He frisks and jumps about, and is all eagerness to accompany me. If I am thoughtful or ____, he appears to sympathize with me. ____, when I am disposed to be merry, he shows by his manner that he rejoices with me. Furthermore, I have often watched the effect which a change in my countenance would produce. If I ____ or look severe, but without saying a word or uttering a sound, the effect is instantly seen by the ears dropping, and the eyes showing unhappiness, together with a doubtful movement of the tail.

15. If I ____ or look severe, but without saying a word or uttering a sound, the effect is instantly seen by the ears dropping, and the eyes showing unhappiness, together with a doubtful movement of the tail.

【題組共用題幹】

The concept of speed reading has long been promoted as a method to dramatically increase reading speed while maintaining comprehension. Numerous programs and apps claim to help individuals read at rates far beyond the average 200–400 words per minute without sacrificing understanding. However, neuroscientific research suggests otherwise. While speed reading techniques may allow for faster word recognition, they come at the cost of comprehension and retention.

One of the most common speed reading techniques involves reducing subvocalization, or the internal voice that naturally accompanies reading. While limiting this may slightly increase speed, it also impairs comprehension, as language processing heavily relies on phonological (sound-based) encoding. Simply put, understanding text without subvocalization is extremely difficult because the brain processes written words in a way that is inherently linked to spoken language.

Despite bold claims, research consistently discredits speed reading courses. One famous study involved two individuals who claimed to read at over 100,000 words per minute. When tested in a laboratory setting, they were able to scan pages at lightning speed, but their comprehension scores were almost non-existent. The only skill they demonstrated was an impressive ability to turn pages quickly. Another approach commonly found in speed reading apps is Rapid Serial Visual Presentation, in which words appear one at a time in a fixed position. This method eliminates eye movement, which proponents claim is unnecessary. However, as reading speed increases, comprehension drops sharply. Studies indicate that readers struggle to process meaning when words are flashed too quickly, reinforcing the idea that natural reading processes cannot be bypassed.

Neuroscience debunks speed reading as an effective tool for comprehension. While individuals may train themselves to read slightly faster, true mastery of reading comes from consistent practice, enhanced vocabulary, and focused engagement. Just as musicians or athletes refine their craft through years of practice, reading is a skill that must be developed over time. The reality is clear: there are no shortcuts to deep comprehension.

16. What is the main argument of the passage?

【題組共用題幹】

The concept of speed reading has long been promoted as a method to dramatically increase reading speed while maintaining comprehension. Numerous programs and apps claim to help individuals read at rates far beyond the average 200–400 words per minute without sacrificing understanding. However, neuroscientific research suggests otherwise. While speed reading techniques may allow for faster word recognition, they come at the cost of comprehension and retention.

One of the most common speed reading techniques involves reducing subvocalization, or the internal voice that naturally accompanies reading. While limiting this may slightly increase speed, it also impairs comprehension, as language processing heavily relies on phonological (sound-based) encoding. Simply put, understanding text without subvocalization is extremely difficult because the brain processes written words in a way that is inherently linked to spoken language.

Despite bold claims, research consistently discredits speed reading courses. One famous study involved two individuals who claimed to read at over 100,000 words per minute. When tested in a laboratory setting, they were able to scan pages at lightning speed, but their comprehension scores were almost non-existent. The only skill they demonstrated was an impressive ability to turn pages quickly. Another approach commonly found in speed reading apps is Rapid Serial Visual Presentation, in which words appear one at a time in a fixed position. This method eliminates eye movement, which proponents claim is unnecessary. However, as reading speed increases, comprehension drops sharply. Studies indicate that readers struggle to process meaning when words are flashed too quickly, reinforcing the idea that natural reading processes cannot be bypassed.

Neuroscience debunks speed reading as an effective tool for comprehension. While individuals may train themselves to read slightly faster, true mastery of reading comes from consistent practice, enhanced vocabulary, and focused engagement. Just as musicians or athletes refine their craft through years of practice, reading is a skill that must be developed over time. The reality is clear: there are no shortcuts to deep comprehension.

17. According to the passage, which of the following is true about subvocalization?

【題組共用題幹】

The concept of speed reading has long been promoted as a method to dramatically increase reading speed while maintaining comprehension. Numerous programs and apps claim to help individuals read at rates far beyond the average 200–400 words per minute without sacrificing understanding. However, neuroscientific research suggests otherwise. While speed reading techniques may allow for faster word recognition, they come at the cost of comprehension and retention.

One of the most common speed reading techniques involves reducing subvocalization, or the internal voice that naturally accompanies reading. While limiting this may slightly increase speed, it also impairs comprehension, as language processing heavily relies on phonological (sound-based) encoding. Simply put, understanding text without subvocalization is extremely difficult because the brain processes written words in a way that is inherently linked to spoken language.

Despite bold claims, research consistently discredits speed reading courses. One famous study involved two individuals who claimed to read at over 100,000 words per minute. When tested in a laboratory setting, they were able to scan pages at lightning speed, but their comprehension scores were almost non-existent. The only skill they demonstrated was an impressive ability to turn pages quickly. Another approach commonly found in speed reading apps is Rapid Serial Visual Presentation, in which words appear one at a time in a fixed position. This method eliminates eye movement, which proponents claim is unnecessary. However, as reading speed increases, comprehension drops sharply. Studies indicate that readers struggle to process meaning when words are flashed too quickly, reinforcing the idea that natural reading processes cannot be bypassed.

Neuroscience debunks speed reading as an effective tool for comprehension. While individuals may train themselves to read slightly faster, true mastery of reading comes from consistent practice, enhanced vocabulary, and focused engagement. Just as musicians or athletes refine their craft through years of practice, reading is a skill that must be developed over time. The reality is clear: there are no shortcuts to deep comprehension.

18. According to the passage, what does “natural reading processes cannot be bypassed” most likely mean?

【題組共用題幹】

The concept of speed reading has long been promoted as a method to dramatically increase reading speed while maintaining comprehension. Numerous programs and apps claim to help individuals read at rates far beyond the average 200–400 words per minute without sacrificing understanding. However, neuroscientific research suggests otherwise. While speed reading techniques may allow for faster word recognition, they come at the cost of comprehension and retention.

One of the most common speed reading techniques involves reducing subvocalization, or the internal voice that naturally accompanies reading. While limiting this may slightly increase speed, it also impairs comprehension, as language processing heavily relies on phonological (sound-based) encoding. Simply put, understanding text without subvocalization is extremely difficult because the brain processes written words in a way that is inherently linked to spoken language.

Despite bold claims, research consistently discredits speed reading courses. One famous study involved two individuals who claimed to read at over 100,000 words per minute. When tested in a laboratory setting, they were able to scan pages at lightning speed, but their comprehension scores were almost non-existent. The only skill they demonstrated was an impressive ability to turn pages quickly. Another approach commonly found in speed reading apps is Rapid Serial Visual Presentation, in which words appear one at a time in a fixed position. This method eliminates eye movement, which proponents claim is unnecessary. However, as reading speed increases, comprehension drops sharply. Studies indicate that readers struggle to process meaning when words are flashed too quickly, reinforcing the idea that natural reading processes cannot be bypassed.

Neuroscience debunks speed reading as an effective tool for comprehension. While individuals may train themselves to read slightly faster, true mastery of reading comes from consistent practice, enhanced vocabulary, and focused engagement. Just as musicians or athletes refine their craft through years of practice, reading is a skill that must be developed over time. The reality is clear: there are no shortcuts to deep comprehension.

19. Why do speed reading apps using Rapid Serial Visual Presentation fail to improve comprehension?

【題組共用題幹】

The concept of speed reading has long been promoted as a method to dramatically increase reading speed while maintaining comprehension. Numerous programs and apps claim to help individuals read at rates far beyond the average 200–400 words per minute without sacrificing understanding. However, neuroscientific research suggests otherwise. While speed reading techniques may allow for faster word recognition, they come at the cost of comprehension and retention.

One of the most common speed reading techniques involves reducing subvocalization, or the internal voice that naturally accompanies reading. While limiting this may slightly increase speed, it also impairs comprehension, as language processing heavily relies on phonological (sound-based) encoding. Simply put, understanding text without subvocalization is extremely difficult because the brain processes written words in a way that is inherently linked to spoken language.

Despite bold claims, research consistently discredits speed reading courses. One famous study involved two individuals who claimed to read at over 100,000 words per minute. When tested in a laboratory setting, they were able to scan pages at lightning speed, but their comprehension scores were almost non-existent. The only skill they demonstrated was an impressive ability to turn pages quickly. Another approach commonly found in speed reading apps is Rapid Serial Visual Presentation, in which words appear one at a time in a fixed position. This method eliminates eye movement, which proponents claim is unnecessary. However, as reading speed increases, comprehension drops sharply. Studies indicate that readers struggle to process meaning when words are flashed too quickly, reinforcing the idea that natural reading processes cannot be bypassed.

Neuroscience debunks speed reading as an effective tool for comprehension. While individuals may train themselves to read slightly faster, true mastery of reading comes from consistent practice, enhanced vocabulary, and focused engagement. Just as musicians or athletes refine their craft through years of practice, reading is a skill that must be developed over time. The reality is clear: there are no shortcuts to deep comprehension.

20. According to the passage, what is the author’s attitude towards speed reading courses?